我國國有企業人權責任履行及監管研究

Study on Chinese State-Owned Enterprises' Human Rights Responsibility Fulfillment and Supervision

《聯合國工商業與人權指導原則》（以下簡稱《指導原則》）並未特別針對國有企業的人權責任進行規定，但其第4條要求國家採取“額外步驟”，保護人權不受“國家擁有或控制”的工商企業侵犯。《指導原則》僅明確界定了“國家控制”的企業，我國在貫徹實施第四期國家人權行動計劃時，應以我國相關政策文件中“國家出資”的標準來界定“國家擁有”的企業。我國國有企業在履行《指導原則》中尊重人權的責任時，應注意到歐盟及其成員國工商業與人權立法在要求企業終止商業關係方面與《指導原則》截然不同的規定。我國各級國資委採取“額外步驟”對國有企業實施人權監管時，應與時俱進。為貫徹落實第四期國家人權行動計劃的要求，我國各級國資委應將人權作為企業社會責任的核心主題，制定指導國有企業履行人權責任的政策文件，明確反對強制企業終止商業關係的立場，同時處理好國有企業改革和國家人權監管之間的關係，並指導和督促國有企業將海外履行人權責任的有益經驗在國內推廣。

Article 4 of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as ''the Guiding Principles'') requires states to take ''additional steps'' to protect human rights against abuse by state-owned or controlled business enterprises. The Guiding Principles only clearly defines the business enterprises controlled by states. In implementing the Fourth National Human Rights Action Plan, it is better for China to define state-owned enterprises by the ''state funded'' standard enshrined in relevant Chinese policies. The requirements of business relationships termination in EU's and its Member States' Business and Human Rights legislations are quite different from the Guiding Principles'. Chinese state-owned enterprises should notice the difference when fulfilling the human rights responsibility. Chinese State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission at all levels should improve their measures for ''additional steps'' by following the development of Business and Human Rights rules nationally and internationally. To implement the Fourth National Human Rights Action Plan, the Commission at all levels should develop policies to provide effective guidance for state-owned enterprises to fulfill human rights responsibilities. These policies should take human rights as core issue of corporate social responsibility, clearly oppose mandatory business relationships termination, coordinate the relationship between the reform of state-owned enterprises and the supervision Of human rights responsibility fulfillment, and promote beneficial experience in state-owned enterprises' overseas human rights respect and protection domestically.