歐盟航空碳排放交易體系：發展邏輯、適用困境與中國因應

EU Aviation Carbon Emissions Trading System: Development Logic, Application Dilemma and China's Response

航空碳減排是全球氣候治理的重要議題之一。歐盟航空碳排放治理自上世紀起經歷了長久的演進歷程，在2003/87/EC號指令基礎上修訂而成的2023/958號指令反映出其最新動向，但仍保有域外適用的制度安排。觀其生成進路，是緩解氣候危機的現實邏輯、內外政策驅動的政治邏輯、破除雙重“不可能三角”的價值邏輯共同作用的結果。察其推行現狀，一方面因與國際航空碳抵消和減排計劃（CORSIA）互不相容及規則公平性欠缺而存在合理性困境，另一方面因違反共同但有區別的責任原則、WTO規則及《芝加哥協定》而存在合法性困境，這增添了其融通國際航空碳排放治理的難度。基於這一背景，我國應當對外積極參與國際治理、妥善應對爭端，對內健全國內碳市場、提升民航產業水平，以推動構建公正合理的國際航空碳排放治理體系。

Aviation carbon emission reduction is one of the important issues in global climate governance. EU aviation carbon emissions governance has experienced a long evolution since the last century, and Directive 2023/ 958, revised on the basis of Directive 2003 /87/EC, reflects its latest trend, but it still maintains institutional arrangements for extraterritorial application. As to its generating route, it is the result of the realistic logic of easing the climate crisis, the political logic driven by domestic and foreign policies, and the value logic of breaking the double ''impossible trinity''. As to its application status quo, on the one hand, there is a rationality dilemma due to its incompatibility with CORSIA and the lack of fairness of the rules, and on the other hand, there is a legitimacy dilemma due to the violation of the principle of ''common but differentiated responsibilities'', WTO rules and the Chicago Agreement, which increases the difficulty of its integration into the international carbon emission governance for aviation. Based on this background, China should actively participate in international governance, properly settle disputes, improve the domestic carbon market and enhance the level of the civil aviation industry, so as to promote the construction of a fair and reasonable international aviation carbon emissions governance system.