歐盟碳邊境調節機制的影響與中國因應——以“一帶一路”高質量發展為視角

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and China's Response—From the Perspective of the High-Quality Development of ''The Belt and Road''

為了預防碳洩漏與維護公平競爭秩序，歐盟推出碳邊境調節機制，要求進口商為特定範圍內的進口產品購買與排放配額價格掛鉤的碳證書。從法律性質來看，該機制以“環保”為進行貿易規制，是氣候單邊主義與貿易保護主義結合的產物。以“一帶一路”高質量發展視角進行考察，該機制在推動區域碳交易市場建設，強化氣候治理約束機制的同時，也將對區域經濟合作發展與氣候協同治理產生阻礙。基於歐盟碳邊境調節機制對“一帶一路”高質量發展的影響，中國作為“一帶一路”倡議國，整體方案上應當堅持氣候治理多邊主義的基本立場，統籌推進氣候領域國內法治與涉外法治。在具體行動上，中國可以通過國際氣候規則與經貿規則互動，推動氣候治理國際法治體系統一，進而實現“一帶一路”區域乃至全球的綠色可持續發展。

In order to prevent carbon leakage and maintain a fair competition order, the European Union introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which requires importers to purchase carbon certificates linked to the price of emission allowances for a specific range of imported products. From the legal point of view, this mechanism is a product of the combination of climate unilateralism and trade protectionism, as trade regulation is carried out in the name of ''environmental protection''. Examined from the perspective of high-quality development of ''The Belt and Road'', the mechanism will not only promote the construction of regional carbon trading markets and strengthen the climate governance constraint mechanism, but also hinder the development of regional economic cooperation and coordinated climate governance. Based on the impact of the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the high-quality development of ''The Belt and Road'', China, as a ''The Belt and Road'' Initiative country, should adhere to the basic position of multilateralism in climate governance and coordinate the promotion of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law in the field of climate on the overall scheme. In terms of concrete actions, China can interact with international rules on climate and rules on economic and trade, promote the unification of the international legal system for climate governance, so as to achieve green and sustainable development of ''The Belt and Road'' region and even the world.