“一帶一路”倡議下中國法院適用《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的研究

Research on the Application of CISG in the Courts of China under the Belt and Road Initiative

《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》（以下簡稱“CISC”）目前已有97個締約國，其中超過四分之三的國家位於“一帶一路”沿線。CISG作為國際貿易領域最具代表性的國際公約，其所具有的統一性可為“一帶一路”倡議下的跨國貿易提供穩定的法律預期。從2013年至2023年，中國法院審理的國際貨物買賣合同糾紛涵蓋阿塞拜疆、羅馬尼亞、土耳其、斯洛伐克等24個“一帶一路”沿線CISC締約國。通過研究發現，中國法院在審理國際貨物買賣合同糾紛時，主要根據國際私法規則例如當事人意思自治原則、最密切聯繫原則將中國法確定為准據法，對CISG的可適用性及其適用規則的認識存在一些不足，從而導致CISG在中國法院的適用率較低（樣本中為28%），不利於發揮CISG在促進“一帶一路”國際貿易發展中的應有作用。因此，中國法院應積極履行條約適用義務；在涉“一帶一路”建設典型案例中增加有關CISG適用方式的案件；明確適用CISG的多重意義，提升法官適用國際條約的能力與水平，從而促進“一帶一路”倡議的高質量發展。

The United Naitons Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) now has 97 Contracting States, more than three-quarters of which are located along the Belt and Road. As the most representative international convention in the field of international trade, the uniformity of CISG can provide stable legal expectations for transnational trade under the Belt and Road initiative. From 2013 to 2023, Chinese courts heard disputes on contracts for the international sale of goods covering 24 CISG parties along the Belt and Road, including Azerbaijan, Romania, Turkey and Slovakia. As the research reveals, there are some deficiencies in the application of CISG by Chinese courts, such as the reliance on the rules of private international law—the principle of party autonomy and the doctrine of the most significant relationship, the failure to consider the applicability of CISG, and the misunderstanding of the applicable rules of CISG- As a result, the application rate of CISG in Chinese coulis is low (28% in the sample), which is not conducive to the due role of CISG in promoting the development of international trade under the Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, Chinese courts should fulfill the obligation of treaty application. Add cases concerning the application of CISG in the typical cases related to the Belt and Road construction; Understand the multiple effects of applying CISG, so as to improve the ability and level of Chinese courts to apply international treaties and promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.