國際爭端解決機制高度司法化的危機與中國應對

The Crisis of the Over-Judicialization of International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms and China's Countermeasures

差異化國際爭端解決機制實踐表明，機制運行中管轄權擴張、能動裁判使其司法化過度強化，導致其爭端解決功能與原始定位偏離或背離，引發正當性危機。國際爭端解決機制在運行過程中自主性增強，逐漸向官僚機構轉變，從而關注自身權威性的實現，是危機重要成因。於中國而言，應對危機，首先應在立足多邊主義的司法化改革取向的基礎上，結合國際體系結構和大國利益選擇的現實需求，包容接納其他方案可行之處。其次，化解國際爭端解決機制失靈的現實危機，維繫司法化動態平衡，保證國際法治不再進一步失序是當務之急。最後，以人類命運共同體下“尊重制度多元化”價值理念為導向，通過多元化手段引導機制改革方向，形成優化機制規範體制的長遠中國方案。

Differentiated international dispute settlement mechanisms have demonstrated that the regular practice of expanding and excessive adjudication strengthens the mechanism's judicialization function, resulting in a deviation from its original purpose and triggering a crisis of legitimacy. The crisis has arisen due to the international dispute settlement mechanism's increased autonomy and transformation into a bureaucracy, leading to a focus on fulfilling its own authority. Firstly, regarding China's position on this matter, multilateral-based judicial reform is the fundamental approach to address the crisis. Based on this approach, China should consider the structure of the international system and the hue needs of major powers when selecting their interests, adjusting to the feasibility of other programs, and enhancing flexibility and adaptability in selecting specific programs. Secondly, it is crucial to facilitate the attainment of organizational mobility, and uphold the dynamic equilibrium of judicial reform to ensure that the international rule of law does not deteriorate further. Lastly, with ''respect for institutional pluralism'' as a core value in ''a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind'', it is recommended that the reform of the mechanism should adopt a multifaceted approach to pioneering and innovative reforms. This will enable the formation of a Chinese proposal for establishing the international dispute settlement mechanism.