德國安全管束監禁制度之規範與實踐──兼及我國對於性犯罪者刑後強制治療制度之改革建議

A Study on the Security Protective Custody System in Germany—On the Reform of the Post-Sentence Compulsory Treatment for Sex Offenders in Taiwan

我國司法院於2020年12月的釋字第799號解釋，針對性侵害犯罪人刑後強制治療之相關規範做出解釋。大法官對於性犯罪者刑後強制治療，在法律修正與實務的實踐上要求：1.刑後強制治療與刑罰之執行應該明顯區隔；2.法官應定期審查是否延長；3.引入多元處遇措施；4.建立復歸社會配套機制或措施。2011年5月4日德國聯邦憲法法院判決將德國刑法中的安全管束監禁部分條文宣告違憲，提出安全管束監禁在法律與實踐方面應符合三個原則的要求：1.區隔要求原則；2.外部導向原則；3.治療性的設置原則。因此，研究德國安全管束監禁制度的法律規範及其實務上的實踐狀況，對於我國性犯罪者刑後強制治療制度的推展有一定參考價值。基此，本文以下就德國安全管束監禁制度的歷史發展、實務上的踐行狀況，乃至於被安全管束監禁者再犯研究進行探討。最後於結語中再對我國性犯罪者刑後強制治療制度提出個人之改革建議。

The Interpretation No. 799 of the Judicial Yuan in December 2020 involves the relevant norms for post-sentence compulsory treatment of sexual assault offenders. For the post-sentence compulsory treatment of sex offenders, the Judicial Yuan in the Interpretation No. 799 requires legal amendments and practical practice: (1)Post-sentence compulsory treatment and the execution of sentences should be clearly separated;(2)Judges should regularly review whether to extend;(3) Establish multiple treatment measures;(4)Establish supporting mechanisms or measures for social reintegration. The German Federal Constitutional Court's 4th May 2011 decision declared some provisions of the German criminal law on the Security Protective Custody to be unconstitutional, and proposed that the Security Protective Custody should meet the requirements of three principles in law and practice: (1)the principle of separation requirements; (2)the principle of external orientation; (3)the principle of therapeutic setting. Therefore, the study of the legal norms of the Security Protective Custody System in Germany and its practical practice has certain reference value for the promotion of the post-sentence compulsory treatment system for sex offenders in Taiwan. Based on this, this article discusses the historical development of the Security Protective Custody System, its practical implementation, and even the research on the recidivism. Finally, in the concluding remarks, author will put forward some suggestions on the post-sentence compulsory treatment system for sex offenders in Taiwan.