凝視陰影：《石點頭》中的道德敘事與視覺語言

Gazing into the Shadows: Moral Narratives and Visual Language in“ShidianTou”

《石點頭》是晚明時期一部富有文學與思想深度的小說集，其書名取自竺道生講法頑石點頭的典故，並由馮夢龍作序。本文探討了《石點頭》在儒家道德的表現與教化功能上的雙重面向，並且著重分析了該書的敘事和插圖之間的張力，如何展現出儒家道德訓誡的矛盾與陰影。首先，小說中展現的道德教化與倫理價值，既有對儒家傳統孝道和忠誠的強調，也透過小說人物的犧牲和選擇，揭示了這些道德體系下的艱難與暴力。尤其是在婦女、子女等弱勢群體的角色上，儒家道德往往要求他們承擔更重的責任和犧牲。這使得小說不僅是對傳統倫理的褒揚，還充滿了對其背後動因的批判與反思。其次，本文指出，《石點頭》的插圖與小說情節存在錯置和矛盾，這些視覺元素在表現小說情節的同時，進一步突顯了儒家道德教化的複雜性。通過圓形構圖的「月光型」插圖形式，視覺圖像與文本敘事之間的緊張感被放大，形成了視覺與敘事文本互相拉扯的效果。總體而言，《石點頭》通過敘事話語和視覺語言，展現了儒家道德在具體社會情境中的複雜性與多層次的理解空間，並且提供了反思道德義務與犧牲背後動因的基礎。小說與插圖間的互動進一步擴大了讀者對儒家道德與倫理價值的認知，令作品具有多重解讀的可能性。

“ShidianTou”is a novel collection from the late Ming Dynasty, rich in literary and intellectual depth. Its title is derived from the story of Zhudao Sheng expounding on Buddhist teachings, causing even stubborn stones to nod in acknowledgment, with a preface written by Feng Menglong. This paper explores the dual aspects of“ShidianTou”in its portrayal of Confucian moral values and its function as a tool for moral education, with a particular focus on the tension between its narrative and illustrations, which highlight the contradictions and shadows within Confucian moral teachings. Firstly, the novel emphasizes Confucian values such as filial piety and loyalty, but through the sacrifices and choices of its characters, it also reveals the hardships and violence inherent in this moral system. Particularly in the roles of women, children, and other marginalized groups, Confucian morality often demands greater responsibility and sacrifice from them. This makes the novel not only a commendation of traditional ethics but also a critique and reflection on the forces driving these moral obligations. Secondly, this paper points out the discrepancies and contradictions between the illustrations and the narrative in“ShidianTou”, where the visual elements, while reflecting the storylines, further emphasize the complexity of Confucian moral teachings. Through the circular composition of ''moonlight-style'' illustrations, the tension between the visual imagery and the narrative text is magnified, creating a push-pull effect between the two. In conclusion,“ShidianTou”, through its narrative and visual language, presents the complexity and multilayered understanding of Confucian morality in specific social contexts. It provides a foundation for reflecting on the underlying motives behind moral obligations and sacrifices. The interaction between the novel's narrative and its illustrations further broadens the reader's understanding of Confucian ethics and moral values, allowing for multiple interpretations of the work.