由海外傳播到全球化脈絡中的交互主體性︰以一貫道的傳教過程為焦點

From Overseas Spreading to Inter-Subjectivities within Global Contexts: Contemporary Dynamics of Yiguandao

楊弘任與畢遊塞（2022）所編《從臺灣到世界》，讓我們得以檢視華人民間教派在全球環境裡的發展。分析這些材料，我們發現，全球性的脈絡已不斷歷經轉化，由以西方政治經濟擴張為主的導向，到各個民族國家的建立與蛻變，並紛紛在各自地方性的脈絡裡，出現了由集體性的民族主體化轉移到個人主體化的複雜歷程。這個全球化，在西方文化霸權所主導的全球化之後，自此進入了一個新的階段，一個可以說是有關於主體化發展的，全面的身心內向化的全球化的過程。而一貫道獨特的俗眾生活結構與傳教模式，則在不同階段中以不同方式，得以在各地不同移民情境裡進行複製和轉型化的再生產。這已彰顯出了漢人民間教派在全球化環境裡所能延展出來的最大尺度與樣態。

The book co-edited by Yang and Billioud (2022) From Taiwan to the World: The Globalization of Yiguandao in the 21st Century offers valuable materials on Chinese sectarian movements within the global contexts. Nevertheless, in present paper, I want to re-gear the materials in a different direction: re-emphasizing the lay-central orientation beneficial for its global proselytizing, and delineating the two historical stages of its globalization. The overseas missionary work of Yiguandao is a conscious move that wants to go beyond the political limitation within China, yet we cannot ignore its lay-oriented networks that pave the way for its reproduction and transformation in a newly immigrated land. This daily life networking makes the missionary organization rather invisible and draws less attention from the authority under different political regimes. I also give an analytic frame to understand the two stages of Yiguandao’s globalization: from a single direction of overseas immigration to the engagement of inter-subjectivities within different political and cultural climate, especially a porously boundary across process has been involved. A Comparative perspective thus can be developed through Yiguandao’s missionary work at the global level based upon the multiple cases Yang and Billioud’s (2022) offered.