掛漏之譏，所不敢辭——從〈鄞縣方言變音表〉與《寧波方言字語匯解》的比較論近代寧波音系的演變

Daring to Bear Criticism: A Comparative Study of the“Diacritical Table of Yin Xian Dialect in Yin Xian Tongzhi”and An Anglo-Chinese Vocabulary of the Ningbo Dialect on the Evolution of Modern Ningbo Phonology

徐通鏘〈百年來寧波音系的演變─附論音變規律的三種方式〉認為《寧波方言字語匯解》可反映百年前的寧波方音情況，並表明《鄞縣通志》所記錄的音韻體系，與《寧波方言字語匯解》大體一致。《鄞縣通志》的記音符號是以國音字母第一式為基礎，另結合「閏音字母」而成。本文以〔tʃ-〕系聲母不存，入聲合併，〔ɛ〕元音上升等證據，認為《鄞縣通志》的音系實晚於《寧波方言字語匯解》的時代。《鄞縣通志》設有〈鄞縣方言變音表〉，記錄鄞縣一字多音的樣貌，該表亦不同於《寧波方言字語匯解》的語音特徵，收有元音前化、〔ɦ〕的顎化傾向、陰聲韻轉為陽聲韻等語音資料。表中「訓釋」反映了字詞應用與語音間的連繫變化，也載錄著不同時代層次的文白異讀語料，實謂可貴的歷史語音材料。

In the article“Evolution of Ningbo Phonology in Hundred Years with Appendix of Three Methods of Sound Law”, Xu Tong Qiang posited that An Anglo-Chinese Vocabulary of the Ningbo Dialect reflects Ningbo phonology from a century ago and noted its phonological similarities with Yin Xian Tongzhi. The phonetic system in Yin Xian Tongzhi combines Mandarin Phonetic Symbols 1 with leap sound letters. In this article, the writer takes some evidence to prove that the era of phonology in Yin Xian Tongzhi was slower than An Anglo-Chinese Vocabulary of the Ningbo Dialect. For example, the initial consonant [ tʃ] did not preserved in Yin Xian Tongzhi, entering tones were combined together, and the vowel letter [ɛ] became a rising vowel. The“Diacritical Table of Yin Xian Dialect”in Yin Xian Tongzhi documents phonological changes, including back vowels shifting to apical vowels, [ɦ] becoming palatalized, and stops evolving into nasals. The“Explanation”in the“Diacritical Table of Yin Xian Dialect”reflects the change between words application and phone connection.It also records literary and colloquial readings, offering valuable insight into phonological evolution and historical word usage.