申說兩周金石「□」字

The Study of the Character“□”in Bronze Vessel and Stone Inscriptions of Zhou Dynasty

兩周金石「□」字討論者眾多，隨著學者指出〈宋公□鼎〉之宋公蓋即宋共公，文獻記載其名為「固、瑕」等證據，已然確立了此字之古音為魚鐸部，文內並試著梳理學者在魚鐸部音的基礎上之考釋，其中呈現出早期均以通假為「恪」理解，後來則多傾向將「□□」之「□」讀為「固」，「夙夕（夜）」維持讀為「恪」。文中接著針對「□」字文例進行補說與闡釋，指出：一、「□□」當從學者「申固」之釋，以新見出土文獻「永厚」一詞作為「申固」解讀的參照，指出「永厚、申固」均為動詞並列結構，並舉「申命固位」結構作為佐證，意思當理解為繼續鞏固之義；二、「□（固）夙夕（夜）」之「固」當如字讀，從動詞「堅固」轉而為修飾之狀語時，引申有「堅定、專一」之義，文中除了以「篤」字之字義演變作為參照外，亦舉「不易（更易）」一詞與之對應。

There is growing literature on the character“Gù”(□) in the Zhou Dynasty. Scholars identify the“Song Gong”on the Song-Gong Bronze Vessels as“Song Gong-Gōng”, supported by references such as“Gù”,“Xiá”in classical texts. The character’s ancient pronunciation aligns with the rhyme“魚鐸(yuduo)”. Early interpretations linked“Gù”to“Kè(恪)”, but later scholars associated“Gù”in“Shēn Gù(申固)”with“Gù(固)”, while retaining“Kè”for“GùSùXì(□夙夕)”. This article reexamines“Gù”, arguing that (1)“Shēn Gù(申固)”should mean“continuance and consolidation,”supported by parallels like“Yǒng Hòu (永厚)”and evidence such as“Shēn Mìng GùWèi (申命固位),”and (2)“Gù(固)”in“GùSùXì”extends from“consolidate”to mean“resolute and single-minded.”Comparisons to“Dǔ(篤)”and“BùYì(不易)”reinforce these interpretations.