夠實務嗎？——技專校院專業課程實施與學用落差

Practical Enough? Implementation of Professional Courses in Technical and Vocational College and the Gap Between Learning and Application

為促進技專校院專業課程規劃與實施符合產業需求，教育部於民國90年代初期推動「學校本位系科課程發展機制」；約10年後，教育部又於第二期技職教育再造計畫中推動「發展實務課程」策略以弭平學用落差。本文首先析論學校本位系科課程發展及發展實務課程策略，此兩者都屬職能導向課程發展機制，依此機制開設之專業課程，理應都是「實務課程」。所謂理論或學理課程，宜為「實務化（或實務導向）的理論課程」，每一課程的教學目標、內容、方法與學習成效評量，都應體現實務課程應有的內涵。其次，研究者反思其任職學校強化實務課程經驗，建議技專校院明確界定其內涵與要件，做為提升實務課程質量之依循。技專校院除可透過工具化的表件、範例及其他相關支持措施，引導教師從教學目標、內容、方法及學習成效評量進行反思與調整之外，亦可推動「實作化的實務課程」及導入業界專家參與課程盤點與設計，從而增進實務知能之培養成效。

To facilitate the planning and implementation of professional courses in technical and vocational colleges (TVCs) to meet industrial needs, the Ministry of Education promoted the“School-Based Departmental Curriculum Development”(SBDCD) in the early 2000s. About 10 years later, the Ministry of Education launched the strategy of“Developing Practice Courses”(DPCs) in the second phase of the“Reshaping Technical and Vocational Education Project”to bridge the learning-application gap. First, the authors argued that both SBDCD and DPCs have the characteristics of“Competency-Oriented Curriculum Development Mechanism”(COCDM). All professional courses offered by colleges in accordance with the COCDM should be“practical courses.”Theoretical and academic courses should become“practicalized/practice-oriented theoretical courses.”The teaching objectives, content, methods, and learning outcome assessments for each course should reflect the necessary elements of a practical course. Second, the authors reflected on the measures for strengthening practical courses promoted by their school. They suggested that TVCs can clearly define the connotation and necessary elements of a practical course as the basis for improving practical courses. TVCs can also use support measures, such as instrumental forms, examples, and other related mechanisms, to guide teachers to reflect on and modify the teaching objectives, content, methods, and learning outcome assessment approaches of each course. Additionally, TVCs can promote“hands-on practical courses”and introduce industry experts to participate in the evaluation and planning of practical courses to cultivate students’practical abilities more effectively.