豪士與《征臺紀事》之探討

Investigating Edward H. House and The Japanese Expedition to Formosa

19世紀隨著航運技術日益成熟，全球化與跨國貿易所衍生的跨域文化傳播現象，不僅揭開了東方的神秘面紗，更帶動跨國旅行文本或旅行書寫。由報社、地理學會或宗教社群所資助海外活動，促成了頻繁的異文化接觸，亦催生各種博物學調查、旅行筆記／隨筆、海外通訊新聞等異文化書寫。本文討論的即是在此時空背景下，1874年「牡丹社事件」隨日本軍隊來臺的美國記者豪士及其1875年於東京出版的《征臺紀事》一書。
由於豪士明顯的傾日立場，使其文章有別於當時眾多書寫東亞地區的西方作者，而本書的獨特性不僅是他摒除對日本的不利條件，更竭力為新興日本代言。豪士多重的身份與文化經驗是當時派駐海外記者的縮影，他向當時美國報刊傳遞的亞洲的觀察，亦呈現西方人介入東亞區域間地緣政治下的某種樣態。本文將透過釐清作為戰爭第三方的美國記者豪士，以何種敘事策略述說日本遠征福爾摩沙的故事，其背後的書寫脈絡為何，以及所欲呈現的效果。擬藉助文化地理學的觀點，從三面向進行討論：一為豪士的經歷、背景及其與美國報業的關係。二是分析《征臺紀事》一書之書寫策略與走向。三是「琅嶠地區」（Longkiau）在其敘述脈絡中如何被建構，具有何種作用，企圖為何。

As maritime transport technology gradually matured in the 19th century, globalization and transnational trades ensued. These changes contributed to crossregional cultural transmission, unveiling the Eastern world and driving transnational travel-related text or travel writing. Overseas activities funded by newspapers, geographical societies, or religious communities facilitated frequent interactions between different cultures and gave birth to various natural history investigations, travel notes/informal essays, newsletters, among others. In this study, we examined Edward Howard House, an American journalist who came to Taiwan with the Japanese army during the Japanese punitive expedition to Taiwan in 1874, and The Japanese Expedition to Formosa, a book that he published in TOKIO in 1875.
Because House was extremely pro-Japan, his book was different from those about East Asia written by other Western authors at that time. The uniqueness of House’s book is more than him overlooking the various unfavorable conditions and trying hard to speak for the emerging Japan. House’s multiple identities and cultural experience were the epitome of expatriate journalists at that time. The observations of Asia that he reported to American newspapers also showed Westerners’