冷戰初期精神動員下的台灣古典詩壇──以《臺灣詩壇》為研究中心

Mental Mobilization in Taiwan’s Classical Poetry Scene during the Early Cold War: A Study Centered on Taiwan Poetry Monthly

冷戰初期的國共內戰讓台灣進入長時間的戒嚴體制，官方也持續進行精神動員。此時亦有具黨政身分的人士利用非官非民的灰色地帶，運用個人影響力進行精神動員。戰後來台的曾今可藉由他與台灣本地詩人、渡海詩人的來往，作為雙方交流的橋樑，進而建構「臺灣詩壇」社、接辦「全國詩人大會」、發行《臺灣詩壇》月刊。在過程中也讓具黨政高層身分的渡海詩人，如于右任、賈景德，取得詩壇「結構性從屬」的領導地位，並獲得進行精神動員的舞台。在最初「全國詩人大會」與《臺灣詩壇》的運作中，於「演說」、「命題」與「評選」等環節都可見精神動員的蹤跡。在詩人大會的「演說」裡，于、賈二人連結「詩人節」與台灣歷史，將之納入民族主義式的愛國精神結構。同樣的思考也出現在「命題」與「評選」環節，透過題目引導創作，以評選表彰符合精神動員價值觀的作品。從「全國詩人大會」的公開宣示與表彰，以及《臺灣詩壇》的課題評選印行，在相關作品中都可見冷戰初期台灣古典詩壇在精神動員下所造成的影響。

In the early years of the Cold War, the Chinese Civil War led to a prolonged state of martial law in Taiwan, during which the government continuously engaged in mental mobilization. Amid this atmosphere, individuals with political affiliations exploited the gray area between official and civil spheres to leverage their personal influence for the sake of mobilization efforts. Tseng Chin-Ko, who migrated to Taiwan after the war, facilitated communication between local poets and those from across the Strait, which led to the formation of the Taiwan Poetry Society, the organization of the National Poets’Congress, and the publication of Taiwan Poetry Monthly. This process allowed prominent poets with political ties, such as Yu You-ren and Chia Ching-teh, to assume roles as“structural subordination”leaders within Taiwan’s classical poetry scene, providing them with a platform for mental mobilization. In the early stages of both the National Poets’Congress and Taiwan Poetry Monthly, traces of this mobilization can be seen in“speeches,”“prompts,”and“evaluations.”During the Congress, speeches by Yu and Chia linked“the Dragon Boat Festival—Qu Yuan—Poet’s Day”with Taiwan’s history, integrating it into a nationalist framework of patriotic sentiment. This line of thought also appeared in the areas of“prompts”and“evaluations,”guiding the creation of works that aligned with mobilization values. The public announcements and accolades from the National Poets’Congress, along with the thematic selections and publications in Taiwan Poetry Monthly, demonstrate the significant impact of mental mobilization on Taiwan’s classical poetry scene during the early Cold War period.