從紫外線研究提出改善台灣維生素D缺乏之公衛問題

Improving the Public Health Problem of Vitamin D Deficiency in Taiwan through UV Light Study

在台灣，約有七成人口維生素D不足，即使在日照充裕的情況下，這仍然是一個嚴重的公共衛生問題。通過文獻分析，我們歸納出維生素D缺乏的原因，這些原因與天然食物來源有限、宗教、生活習慣、審美觀念和健康觀念等因素相關，並且這些都與對紫外線的認識不足有關。本文針對紫外線進行深入分析並提出建議：（一）UVB紫外線能夠合成維生素D，但其物理特性使其無法穿透普通玻璃，因此曬太陽時應避免在窗後進行。（二）根據台灣日照分析，早上9點至10點及中午12:30至下午2點是較佳的日曬時段，每天10至15分鐘即可，應避免在早上10點至中午12:30之間曬太陽。（三）真菌如菇蕈、木耳和酵母菌等，經日曬或UVB燈照射後，可以產生富含維生素D 2。最後，本文提出「曬人不如曬香菇」的趣味性科普教學建議。曬香菇活動不僅提醒人們曬太陽時要謹慎，還提供了素食者一種維生素D的食物來源，這項教學活動簡便易行，適合在學校和社群媒體中推廣，並可作為跨領域科普教育推廣的參考。

Approximately 70% of the population in Taiwan is vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure; however, in Taiwan, where there is abundant sunlight, vitamin D deficiency remains a serious public health issue. By studying literature and scientific data, we analyzed the factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency: limited natural food sources of vitamin D, dietary habits, religious practices, lifestyle choices, aesthetics, and health concepts, all of which are related to insufficient understanding of ultraviolet (UV) light. This article focused on analyzing ultraviolet radiation and proposes the following suggestions: (1) Vitamin D is synthesized from UVB light, which cannot penetrate glass. Therefore, sunbathing behind glass should be avoided. (2) We recommend two daily sun exposure periods: 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. for only 10 to 15 minutes. Sun exposure should be avoided from 10:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. (3) Fungi such as mushrooms and wad ear (black fungus) and yeast can produce vitamin D2 after exposure to sunlight or UVB light. Finally, this article proposes an engaging popular science teaching idea:“Sunbathing mushrooms is better than sunbathing people.”It emphasized the need for caution when exposed to the sun and provides vegetarians with a vitamin D food source. Consuming UV-irradiated mushrooms can effectively enhance the body’s vitamin D levels. The“sunbath mushroom”activity is easy and convenient to promote through schools and social media, which can serve as a reference for promoting interdisciplinary popular science education.