孤島流失的人力資本－談離島產業轉型的前世今生

Human Capital Flight from Isolated Islands - The Past and Present of Industrial Transformation in Outlying Islands

離島地區由於地理位置偏遠、就業機會有限等因素，長期面臨人才外流的問題，造成嚴重的人力資本流失，若是一地的人力快速外流，將導致多重的問題以及困境。本研究範疇以金門、連江和澎湖三個離島縣為主要研究分析之對象，分析當地的勞參率、失業率等指標，探討人才外流的主因。本文所採用之研究方法則以文獻分析為主，並且以「市場資訊」、各離島縣市的「人力資源調查報告」為主。研究發現，離島地區普遍存在就業機會不足以及高度依賴觀光產業、薪資待遇偏低等問題，導致大量年輕人才外流至臺灣本島或他國尋求更好的發展機會。為解決前述問題，本文提出以產業轉型和觀光發展為突破口的策略，而建議如下：(一)積極推動離島中高齡人口再就業；(二)增加離島就業多元選擇；(三)跟上觀光產業永續的潮流；(四)完善離島地區的公共服務、醫療和生活環境，提升居住品質，吸引人才返鄉。通過上述建議，希冀助於改善離島地區的人才流失以及人力資本缺乏的問題，促進當地經濟社會的可持續發展。

Due to remote geographical locations and limited employment opportunities, the outlying island areas have long faced the issue of talent outflow, resulting in a severe loss of human capital. Rapid outflow of talent from an area can lead to multiple problems and challenges. This study focuses on the outlying counties of Kinmen, Lienchiang, and Penghu as the primary subjects for analysis, examining local labor participation rates, unemployment rates, and other indicators to explore the main reasons for talent outflow. The research methodology primarily involves literature analysis, supplemented by ''market information'' and ''human resource survey reports'' from each outlying county. The findings reveal that outlying island areas generally face issues such as insufficient employment opportunities, high reliance on the tourism industry, and low salary levels, leading to a significant outflow of young talent to Taiwan or other countries in search of better development opportunities. To address these issues, this study proposes strategies focusing on industrial transformation and tourism development, with the following recommendations: Actively promote reemployment of the middle-aged and elderly population in outlying islands. Increase diverse employment options in outlying islands. Align with the trends of sustainable tourism. Improve public services, healthcare, and living environments in outlying areas to enhance living quality and attract talent to return. Through the above recommendations, it is hoped to mitigate the issue of talent outflow and the shortage of human capital in outlying island areas, promoting sustainable economic and social development in these regions.