從本土心理學的觀點省思臺灣的家暴加害人處遇

Reflecting on the Batterer Intervention Programs in Taiwan from an Indigenous Psychological Perspective

我國家庭暴力防治法中包含處遇令的規範，法官可依此裁定加害人接受心理處遇，以期降低加害人的再犯風險，此乃符合時代潮流的進步做法；然而家庭暴力的發生有其複雜的心理互動歷程，因此加害人通常會對處遇有相當程度的抗拒，以致影響處遇的成效；為了提升加害人處遇的效能，專家學者業已發展出多種化解抗拒的理論概念與策略，臺灣學者亦積極引進之，惟目前尚未關注多元文化諮商的重要性。此議題乃肇因於心理處遇須植基於諮商／心理治療理論與技術，這些專業理念與技巧通常反映出理論建構者的生命經驗與價值思維，故勢必緊密連接著其所置身的社會文化脈絡。目前多數的理論與技術皆源自西方個人主義、男性、白人、中產階級的思維體系，此一背景與當前臺灣雙元文化氛圍有所差異，因其並未涵攝傳統華人關係主義的價值規範，因此在運用現有諮商／心理治療理念時須有多元文化的敏感度，並且考量調整的必要性。為了彌補此一缺漏，本文以作者十餘年的研究成果與實務觀察，提出三個方向的闡述，包括：家族主義脈絡下的家庭角色規範、臉面需求、華人關係主義為基礎的類型論。除了提供後續研究、政策擬定、實務應用參酌之外，也期待能發揮拋磚引玉之效，讓本議題獲得更多的關注與更佳的解決之道。

The Domestic Violence Prevention Act in Taiwan includes specification for treatment orders, allowing the judge to mandate psychological treatment for offenders in order to reduce the risk of recidivism. This is a trending approach in practicing level. However, the psychological interactions which leads to domestic violence is complicated, which often results in significant resistance from offenders towards treatment and affects the effectiveness of the treatment. In order to improve the effectiveness of the treatment, experts and scholars have developed a variety of theoretical concepts and strategies to minimize resistance. Taiwanese scholars are also actively introducing it, but have not yet placed importance on multicultural counseling. This issue arises because psychological treatment must be based on counseling and psychotherapy theories and techniques. These professional concepts and skills usually reflect the life experience and values of the theory constructors, thereby closely connected with the social and culture context. Most current counseling and psychotherapy theories and technologies derived from Western individualistic, male, white, and middle-class perspectives. This background is different from the current bicultural environment in Taiwan, which ignores the value norms of traditional Chinese Relationalism. Therefore, it is necessary to have multicultural sensitivity and adapt necessary adjustments when applying existing counseling and psychotherapy concepts. To address this deficiency, based on more than ten years of research and practical observations, this author elaborates three suggestions, including: Family role norms in the context of Chinese Familialism, Face Needs, and A Typology based on Chinese Relationalism. This article aimed to provide reference for future research, policy formulation, practical application, and may stimulate new ideas, draw more attention to this issue, finally leading to better solutions.