士風與道統：林希元學術及其《四書存疑》

Scholars and Taoism: Lin Xiyuan’s Academics and His Four Books (Sishu Cunyi)

林希元，字茂貞，號次崖，生於明成化十七年（1481），卒於嘉靖四十四年（1565），年八十五，福建泉州府同安縣人。正德十二年（1517）丁丑舉進士，授南京大理寺評事。嘉靖元年（1522）上呈〈新政八要疏〉，以助新局；任廣東按察僉事，撰〈學政三編〉，以端正士風；任大理寺右寺丞，撰〈王政附言疏〉二十一條等，標舉儒學治國，確立治平大政，甚至對於內外之患，都有務實之策，卻以改正《大學》經傳主張，廢居於家，雖然與世齟齬，但進退之際，為學、為官、為人皆無違於儒者志懷，撰成《四書存疑》不僅是舉業之作而已，更是致敬蔡清，延續朱學的學術事業，一生學術之心得。林希元是建立閩學學脈重要推手，《四書存疑》能夠得見明代晚期程、朱理學義理思考成果，因此本文嘗試釐清林希元學思歷程，梳理《四書存疑》學術系譜，深入晚明多元競逐思想觀察，期以還原林希元學思成就。

Lin Xiyuan, styled Maozhen, nicknamed Ciya, was born in the seventeenth year of Chenghua(1481) of the Ming Dynasty and died in the forty-fourth year of Jiajing(1565) at the age of eighty-five. He was born in Tong’an County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian. In the twelfth year of Zhengde(1517), Ding Chou was promoted as a Jinshi and awarded Dali Temple in Nanjing as a judge. In the first year of Jiajing(1522), the“Eight Essentials of the New Policy”was submitted to help the new bureau; he was appointed as the inspector of Guangdong Province and wrote“Three Editions of Learning and Politics”to correct the morals of scholars; served as the Yousi Chancellor of Dali Temple, and wrote“Wangzheng Postscript”with a total of 21 articles, etc., which advocated Confucianism to govern the country, established a great policy of governance, and even had pragmatic strategies for internal and external troubles. However, he corrected the biography of the“University”and advocated that the abolition of living at home, although at odds with the world, but when advancing and retreating, being a student, an official, and a person are all in line with the Confucian aspirations.“The Questions of the Four Books (Sishu Cunyi)”was written not only for the imperial examination, but also to pay tribute to Cai Qing and continue Zhu Xue’s academic career. Lin Xiyuan was an important promoter of the establishment of the school of Fujian studies.“The Questions of the Four Books (Sishu Cunyi)”can be seen in the late Ming Dynasty Cheng and Zhu Neo-Confucianism, so this article attempts to clarify the course of Lin Xiyuan’s thinking, sort out the academic genealogy of“The Questions of the Four Books (Sishu Cunyi)”, and delve into the diversity of the late Ming Dynasty. Competing for ideological observation, hoping to restore Lin Xiyuan’s academic achievements.