在「左翼魯迅」論述掩蔽下——初論1920年代馬華文壇中的「五四魯迅」

In the Shade of the“Left-wing Lu Xun”Discourse–A Preliminary Study of the“May Fourth Lu Xun”in the Malaysian Chinese Literature of the 1920s

1930年代之後，由於中國左翼思潮的興起與馬來亞本土情境作用下，馬來亞華人實踐及形塑了自身的「左翼魯迅」論述。這一論述使得魯迅作品及其思想於1930年代之後的殖民地馬來亞更廣為流傳，長期作為兩種革命—政治的與文學的介面，影響馬華思想與文學，但也暴露出對魯迅認識的盲點與意識形態化。對「左翼魯迅」傳統之研究首推馬華文學史家方修、章翰等人，往後駸駸然形成馬華「左翼魯迅」研究建構。然而魯迅一生實非「左翼」可涵蓋，但在他們的論述下，一個複雜的、尤其是五四時期的魯迅卻「不見」了，「五四魯迅」為「左翼魯迅」所掩蓋。本文依據有限的報刊資料初步勾勒「左翼魯迅」形成之前馬華文壇中的魯迅，並略追尋五四時期馬華文壇情境，以揭示魯迅在1920年代馬華文壇中的多元呈現與複雜面向，以及他所處的位置，以還原「左翼魯迅」研究建構下所不見的「五四魯迅」。

After the rise of leftist thought in China in the 1930s and its interaction with the local social condition in Malaya, the Malayan Chinese have accordingly practiced and developed their own“Left-wing Lu Xun”discourse. This discourse facilitated the wider dissemination of Lu Xun’s works and ideas in Malaya’s colonial society after the 1930s, and served as an interface between two kinds of revolutions—the political and the literary. Although the discourse remained influential in Malayan Chinese thought and literature, it simultaneously exposed the blind spot and ideological prejudice in understanding Lu Xun. As the study of the“Left-wing Lu Xun”tradition was initially advocated by Malaysian Chinese literary historians such as Fang Xiu, Zhang Han and others, who subsequently established a robust scholarly framework on this subject. Nonetheless, while Lu Xun’s life cannot be solely determined by“leftism,”the discourse formulated by Fang Xiu and the other scholars has overshadowed the“May Fourth Lu Xun”in the Malaysian Chinese literature and obscured the complicacy of Lu Xun’s thought. In short, the context of the“May Fourth Lu Xun”was submerged in the notion of the“Left-wing Lu Xun.”Therefore, this paper attempts to trace and outline Lu Xun’s presence and influence in Malaysian Chinese literature before the formation of the“Left-wing Lu Xun”based on investigating limited newspaper sources. Additionally, the paper briefly explores the literary context of the May Fourth Movement in Malaysian Chinese literature, thereby discerning the multifaceted and complexified layers of Lu Xun’s thoughts and position in the Malaysian Chinese literature of the 1920s, aiming to restore the overlooked“May Fourth Lu Xun”under the construct of“Leftist Lu Xun”research.