準公共政策對臺灣幼教環境之影響──以教育行政觀點

The Impact of Quasi-Public Policies on Taiwan’s Early Childhood Education Environment–From an Educational Administration Perspective

臺灣的「準公共幼兒園」政策是為了在公共化教保服務擴展時程及供應量尚無法快速滿足家長期待下，與符合（一）收費數額；（二）園長、教師及教保員薪資；（三）基礎評鑑；（四）建物公安檢查；（五）園生與教保服務人員之生師比例；（六）教保服務品質等6項合作要件的私立幼兒園合作，並將其視為「準公共幼兒園」。這樣家長只需負擔相當於公共化幼兒園的收費，此方式旨在滿足家長平價教保服務的多元選擇，並減輕經濟負擔。然準公共政策實施以來，依據兒福聯盟查詢2018到2023年全國教保資訊網有裁罰紀錄，數據指出六都中準公幼違規率平均33.7％，意即每三家就有一家有裁罰紀錄，嚴重打擊幼兒家長對於準公共教育政策的信心。本研究彙整鄰近日、韓等國之幼托相關政策，並和我國目前已實施之準公共政策比較，探討實施以來面臨到的問題（一）教保服務人員薪資未依據規定；（二）晉用不具教保資格人員；（三）進行分科教學；（四）超收幼生、未投保學生保險；（五）超收學費與收費亂象問題浮現；（六）教學設備未改善；（七）家長投訴餐點缺乏營養；（八）職場托育中心招收幼兒年齡偏低。並提出相關解決策略，包含（一）加強政策宣導和說明；（二）編列相關人事費和相關費用補助；（三）優化準公共化條件，等三大策略。期待能根據文獻研究和文件分析，協助政府提供國民安心、平價和優質的幼兒教育。

Taiwan's ''quasi-public kindergarten'' policy is to meet the requirements of (1) the amount of fees (2) the salary of principals, teachers and education caregivers when the expansion time and supply of public educational care services cannot quickly meet parents' expectations (3) Basic evaluation (4) Public security inspection of buildings (5) Student-teacher ratio of kindergarten students to educational care service personnel (6) Educational care service quality and other six cooperation req uirements for private kindergarten cooperation, and treat them as ''quasi-public kindergarten'' . In this way, parents only need to pay the fees equivalent to those of public kindergartens. This method is designed to provide parents with multiple choices of affordable educational care services and reduce their financial burden. Since the implementation of the quasi-public policy, according to the Child Welfare Alliance’s inquiry on the National Educational Insurance Information Network’s disciplinary records from 2018 to 2023, the data points out that the average violation rate of quasi-parents and children in the six cities is 33.7%, which means that one out of every three schools has been punished. Records have severely damaged the confidence of parents of young children in quasi-public education policies. This study summarizes the policies related to child care in neighboring countries such as Japan and South Korea, and compares them with the quasi-public policies currently implemented in our country, and lists the problems faced since the implementation (1) The salary of educational care service personnel is not in accordance with regulations; (2) Recruiting personnel who do not have education security qualifications; (3) teaching in separate subjects; (4) over-enrolling young children and not taking out student insurance; (5) problems of overcharging tuition and chaotic fees have emerged; (6) teaching equipment has not been improved: (7) parents Complaints about the lack of nutrition in meals; (8) The age of children admitted to workplace daycare centers is too low. This study proposes relevant solution strategies, including (1) strengthening policy publicity and explanation; (2) preparing relevant personnel costs and related cost subsidies; (3) optimizing quasi-public conditions, and other three major strategies. We look forward to providing suggestions to help the government provide citizens with secure, affordable and high-quality early childhood education.