重新檢視立法院常設委員會在立法過程的重要性：以序列邏輯模型（Sequential Logit Model）分析

Re-examining the Importance of Legislative Yuan Standing Committees in the Legislative Process: A Sequential Logit Model Analysis

過去對臺灣立法院常設委員會的研究指出其影響力有限，此基於兩個主要理由：其一是在委員會之後的院會二讀常常推翻委員會的審查結果；其二是在委員會之後進行的黨團協商主導了立法的結果，以致於弱化委員會的功能。但是因為立法提案的大幅增加，以及自第二波國會改革修正黨團協商制度以加強委員會的功能，我們有必要對立法院常設委員會在立法過程的角色加以重新檢視。過去評估某一立法階段對於立法影響力大小，常常擷取某一個或兩個立法階段，然後檢視其對最後立法結果的影響，然而這一作法可能有兩個問題：其一，忽略了立法本身是個多階段的動態過程，只擷取部分階段可能忽略了之前與之後立法階段對立法成敗的影響；其二，忽略了解釋變數跨不同立法階段的不同影響。因此本研究就透過序列邏輯模型（sequential logit model）去檢視提案是否能夠通過不同的立法階段以致於最後走到立法成功的結果，藉以去評估立法院常設委員會在立法過程的角色。本研究以第八屆與第九屆所有通過一讀的提案作為研究對象，研究發現顯示：委員會對於立法提案達到最後的立法成功，具有十分重要的議程設定影響力。

Past research on Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan standing committees has found that the influence of committees is limited. This is based on two main reasons: one is that the second reading after the committee often overturns the committee’s review results; the other is that the party negotiation conducted after the committee dominates the outcome of legislation. However, due to the substantial increase in legislative proposals and the revision of the party negotiation mechanism since the second wave of congressional reforms to strengthen the committee's functions, it is necessary to re-examine the legislative role of the committee in the legislative process. When examining a stage of the legislative process on the legislative outcome, political scientists are used to selecting one or two legislative stages and evaluate their effects on the legislative outcome. However, this approach introduces bias by (i) ignoring that legislation itself is a multi-stage dynamic process, and only capturing some stages is likely to ignore the effects of previous and subsequent legislative stages on the legislative outcome, and (ii) excluding the heterogeneous effect from an independent variable between different stages. Therefore, this study uses a sequential logit model to examine whether bills can pass through different legislative stages and finally reach the result of successful legislation, so as to evaluate the role of the standing committees in the legislative process. This research takes all the bills that passed the first reading in the 8th and 9th Legislative Yuan and finds that the standing committees have a very important agenda-setting influence on the final success of bills.