聯合國的17項永續目標對國家永續發展之貢獻及其國家分類探索

The Contribution of the United Nations’17 Sustainable Goals to the Country’s Sustainable Development and Its Country Classification Exploration

本研究探討2015年聯合國發布「2030永續發展目標」的17項目標對國家永續發展的貢獻，並瞭解國家永續發展分類。本研究蒐集107個國家資料，經過分析顯示：這17個永續目標都對於國家永續發展有顯著貢獻，其中貢獻排前五名依序為健康與福祉（目標3）、淨水及衛生（目標6）、和平、正義及健全制度（目標16）、消除飢餓（目標2）、可負擔的潔淨能源（目標7），他們對國家永續發展的解釋變異量各為86.5%、4.3%、2.1%、1.7%及1.5%，也就是說國民健康與福祉對於國家永續發展的貢獻最大，而貢獻最小為責任消費及生產（目標12），優質教育（目標4）對國家永續發展貢獻排第七，解釋變異量僅有0.4%。永續發展的17個目標透過集群分析可分為高度、中度及低度永續發展國家，各有34個、43個、30個，分這三類國家準確度為97.20%。高度與低度永續發展國家的目標差距前五名為目標9、目標1、目標3、目標4及目標7，也就是高度及低度永續發展國家在工業化、創新及基礎建設差距最大，其次是終結貧窮，第三為健康與福祉，第四是優質教育，第五為可負擔的潔淨能源。不同永續發展國家宜依據發展程度落差及國家發展條件與需求，在永續發展策略提出政策規劃。

This study explored the contribution of the 17 goals of the“2030 Sustainable Development Goals”released by the United Nations in 2015 to national sustainable development, and understands the classification of national sustainable development. This study collected data from 107 countries. Analysis showed that these 17 sustainable goals have made sig¬nificant contributions to the country’s sustainable development. The top five contributors were health and well-being (goal 3), water purification and sanitation ( Goal 6), peace, justice and sound institutions (Goal 16), eradicating hunger (Goal 2), affordable and clean energy (Goal 7), their explained variance in national sustainable development was 86.5%, 4.3%, 2.1%, 1.7% and 1.5% respectively, which meant that national health and well-being contributed the most to the country’s sustainable develop¬ment, while responsible consumption and production (Goal 12) and qual¬ity education (Goal 4) contributed the least to the country’s sustainable development, and ranked seventh, explaining only 0.4% of the variance. The 17 goals of sustainable development can be divided into high, me¬dium and low sustainable development countries through cluster analy¬sis, with 34, 43 and 30 countries respectively. The accuracy of classify¬ing countries into three categories was 97.20%. The top five goal gaps be¬tween countries with high and low levels of sustainable development are Goal 9, Goal 1, Goal 3, Goal 4 and Goal 7. That is to say, the gap between countries with high and low levels of sustainable development was the largest in industrialization, innovation and infrastructure. The second was ending poverty, the third was health and well-being, the fourth was quality education, and the fifth was affordable and clean energy. Different countries with sustainable development should propose policy plans for sustainable development strategies based on differences in development levels and national development conditions and needs.