公共服務動機黑暗面的觸發：初任基層員警實證研究

Triggering the Dark Sides of Public Service Motivation: An Empirical Study on Newly Recruited Street-level Police Officers

公共服務動機這個概念是近二十幾年來，公共行政學界相當重視的議題。許多研究指出，公共服務動機與工作績效、工作滿意度、組織承諾感、組織揭弊行為等概念之間，存有正向的關係。然而，Perry與Wise（1990）在提出這個概念時，便明白指出公共服務動機較高者可能對公共事務過度投入，進而產生不適當的判斷或行為。可惜的是，在Perry與Wise之後，文獻上僅有少數幾篇研究，針對公共服務動機可能產生的負面影響進行探討，且我們並不清楚其是透過何種心理機制的轉換，進而引發與工作有關的負面結果。本研究以2018年一般警察人員四等特考行政警察類科錄取者為研究對象，進行二次問卷調查，試圖瞭解公共服務動機與工作壓力及工作倦怠之間的關係，並以Schott與Ritz（2018）提出的命題為基礎，分析過度承諾傾向與屈從滿意兩種心理機制的中介效果。結果顯示，不論個人與組織的配適度如何，具有較高公共服務動機的初任基層員警，容易呈現過度承諾於工作的傾向，進而導致較大的工作壓力以及工作倦怠感；但另一方面，公共服務動機較高的員警，比較不會產生屈從滿意感受，因而能藉由屈從滿意的中介影響，降低工作壓力以及工作倦怠感。

Public service motivation (PSM) research has proliferated in recent decades. Informed by Perry and Wise (1990), many empirical studies found out that PSM tends to be related to positive outcomes such as higher job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, whistleblowing behavior, and so on. However, Perry and Wise also clearly indicated in their article that individuals having a higher level of PSM may over-commit themselves to public affairs and thus result in inappropriate judgment or behavior. Unfortunately, little research paid attention to negative influence of PSM after Perry and Wise; we also knew little about the psychological mechanisms that may explain how PSM is connected to negative attitude at work. Accordingly, a panel study of newly recruited street-level police officers was conducted to clarify the relationship among PSM, job stress and burnout at work. Over-commitment and resigned satisfaction were modelled as mediators between PSM and negative attitude at work based on the propositions proposed by Schott and Ritz (2018). Our analysis showed that, regardless of person-organization fit, individuals having a higher level of PSM tends to show greater tendency for over-commitment at work, thereby leading to a higher level of job stress and burnout. On the other hand, individuals having a higher level of PSM tends to report a lower level of resigned satisfaction, meaning that PSM may be able to reduce negative attitude at work by decreasing the likelihood of having resigned satisfaction.