歐洲法語區國家政教關係之法制架構：以法國、比利時、盧森堡及摩納哥為例

The Legal Framework of Church-State Relations in Francophone European Countries: France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Monaco Case Studies

本文嘗試以法國、比利時、盧森堡及摩納哥等歐洲法語四國之政教關係進行論述，進而具化其宗教團體之規制。該區域傳統上以天主教信仰大宗，於十六世紀新教改革運動後，仍奉天主教為單一國教，政教政策同受宗教傳統及法國大革命之劇烈影響，形成特殊政教文化區。該四國有別於日耳曼文化區新教影響力強大，亦異於具濃厚宗教使命感之南歐拉丁文化區，且法國及比利時兩國亦為當代伊斯蘭極端恐怖主義傷害至深之區域，誠有特別聚焦之研究價值。並於文末反思台灣本土情形，提出幾項值得觀察之處及評析。

Following Taiwan’s gradual democratization in the 1980s, religious activities have flourished, prompting discussions on both overarching church-state policies and regulations governing religious organizations. Given that most academic research in Taiwan focuses on the legal systems of the United States, Germany, and Japan, this article seeks to explore church-state relations in the four Francophone European countries of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Monaco. This analysis elucidates the regulation of religious organizations in these countries. The article attempts to integrate the church-state experiences of these four Francophone countries and reflect on Taiwan’s domestic situation. Several noteworthy observations and brief comments are provided to contribute to the development and practice of related research.