大林蒲濱海地帶開發背後空間實作：以德勒茲與瓜達西的「平滑vs條理」地理哲學為視角

Politics of Coastal Land-Use Change Under Industrialization of Kaohsiung: A Deleuze and Guattari’s Geo-Philosophical Perspective of Smooth vs Striated Space Practices

高雄西南海濱漁村聚落，二戰之前以打漁與務農為業，卻在臺灣戰後一連串施政，從高雄港第二港口闢建、臨海工業區開發、南星計畫填海造陸、再到紅毛港遷村，最後是大林蒲居民即將全面遷村到高雄市區，迎來濱海地帶的全面工業化。既有濱海地帶地景變遷之人文社會科學研究，多是以從土地產權的角度出發，無法清楚看到土地中的綿密人際網絡，與人周邊海洋與天空等量體環境之混成糾纏複雜關係。本文引入Deleuze and Guattari之「平滑空間(Smooth Space)與條理空間(Striated Space)」概念，來分析高雄的濱海地帶開發過程。我們主張：居民長期住在濱海地帶，人與海洋的情感連結，以及宗族網絡下的土地產權混雜使用，形成了身體的、社群組織的「平滑空間」實作；對比國家徵收農地變更成工業區、填海造陸成為新生地，以及空污法規及測站部署、國家強制丈量劃分產權等，皆為國家領域化空氣、海洋、陸地的「條理空間」實作。本文指出，大林蒲四周的海洋與空間過去五十年來的逐漸條理化，是造就後來遷村的結構性條件：亦即歷經西南風保存運動擋下南星計畫遊艇開發案之後，看似濱海社區遷村高民意基礎背後，是居民過往平滑空間實作接連被阻斷下的無奈。我們主張政府不應將濱海地帶開發一事簡化為產權、土地概念下的條理空間實作，而應該要更有想像與進步地納入濱海地區的平滑空間實作。

Coastal landscape has faced great transformation in the context of industrialization, and the case of southwest Kaohsiung Coastal land-use change is no exception. Existing literature tends to see the coastal land policy from the perspective of land and property, without paying much attention to the complicated relation between human, ocean, air and related volumetric environment. We fill up this gap by engaging Deleuze and Guattari’s geophilosophy and argue that costal land-use change should be understood as a competition on smooth vs straited space practices. There are local people’daily smooth space practices, in which they engage ocean and air with their body knowledge and they collectively own lands with family members. Such smooth space practices are quite different from the straiting way of industrialization of sea and relocation of the village, as the state utilizes striating and scientific methods to monitor air quality, conduct sea reclamations and measure private land’s size and boundary in the community. In the case of Dalinpu, there is a series of striated space practices exercised by the state, from cutting land bridge for the Kaohsiung second port entrance, establishment of coastal industrial zones, Nanxing land reclamation, relocation of coastal village Hongmaogang nearby. As a result of ocean gradually enclosed for harbor and industrial uses, most Dalinpu people could not conduct smooth space practices and then finally were forced to agree to relocate to inland areas. In conclusion, we urge the Kaohsiung city government to take smooth space practices into account for further ocean policy making.