陳儀治閩政策之檢驗：以福安縣長高誠學（1898–1943）為例

Examination of Chen Yi’s Governance in Fujian: A Case Study of Gao Chengxue (1898–1943), County Magistrate of Fu’an

閩變落幕後，浙江人陳儀（1883-1950）被派任為福建省主席（1934- 1941）。相較於有強硬地方實力控制的山西、湖南、湖北、四川、雲南、貴州、廣西與廣東等省，陳儀乃是由蔣介石直接派任，他在任內所推動的措施，可視為蔣介石政權的核心階層在抗戰前後進行續命與革新的努力。本文以曾下海為匪的福安縣長高誠學（1898-1943）的從政生涯發展為敘述軸線，從地方社會的觀點探討陳儀施政所造成的影響。首先探討高氏從平潭縣民、燕京大學畢業生到海匪的歷程，接著討論他於1936年擔任陳儀省府參議，再被陳儀任命為福安縣長後，其施政與福建地方社會的互動關係。在高誠學福安縣長任內，爆發福安大刀會事件，這除了是與陳儀推動的地方經濟統制政策有關外，其實更與福安地方商人、不同世代背景的地方菁英間的博奕有直接的因果關係。相較於以貪腐無能、行政粗暴化及地方陽奉陰違等標籤，去概括理解二十世紀上半葉地方政治的運作，本文則是回歸具體的歷史發展過程，透過對陳儀閩政的分析，強調省、縣政的運作除了與蔣介石政權在不同時期對地方資源的攤派與盤剝有關外，也不應忽視當時官員與地方社會曾進行的合作實驗，以及國家與社會之間關係磨合的努力。本文並指出地方社會中具實力的「團閥」對瞭解二十世紀地方政治運作的重要性，欲瞭解何以陳儀與蔣介石在閩施政會失靈，除了制度缺失的因素外，這一點不容忽視。

After the end of Fujian Incident of 1933, Chen Yi (1887–1950) from Zhejiang was appointed governor of Fujian province from 1934 to 1941. The significance of exploring Chen Yi’s governance in Fujian lies in the fact that, compared to provinces such as Shanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Guangdong, which had strong local powers, Chen was directly appointed by Chiang Kai-shek, emphasizing a central effort to stabilize governance amid the looming Second Sino-Japanese War. To understand the local impact of Chen Yi’s policies and broader complexities within local governance, the political career of Gao Chengxue (1898–1943), the former pirate and later county magistrate of Fu’an, is illuminating as his roles as an advisor in Chen Yi’s government and as magistrate demonstrate the interactions between provincial authority and local society. During Gao’s tenure, the Fu’an Dadaohui (Big Swords Society) Incident occurred, linking local economic control policies with competition among merchants and elites. This incident reveals how centralized policies can provoke local responses, challenging assumptions about local politics being driven solely by corruption or incompetence. An examination of Chen Yi’s governance also emphasizes the significance of resource allocation by Chiang’s regime and the need for harmony between government and local communities. Despite efforts to maintain control, the influence of local power figures, known as“tuanfa”團閥, significantly shaped the political landscape in Fujian. In conclusion, Gao Chengxue’s experience under Chen Yi’s administration provides valuable insights into the dynamics of local governance in early twentieth-century China, notably the challenges facing central authority in a politically diverse landscape.