滿洲國研究的回顧與動向（1998–2023）－－從「帝國轉向」談起

Recent Trends and Developments in the Study of Manchukuo (1998–2023): From the“Imperial Turn”Onward

本文嘗試綜括近四分之一世紀以來有關滿洲國研究的概況。自1990年代後，受到冷戰結束和史學思維變遷的影響，滿洲國研究也呈現出重大的進展。首先是擺脫戰爭陰影的桎梏，帝國／帝國主義研究重新被用來理解滿洲國和日本之關係。邁入廿一世紀後，因受後殖民理論激發，通過知識與權力的辯證關係來檢視「殖民近代性」，訴諸更多樣視角以看待滿洲國之定位。其次，思考法西斯意識形態對滿洲國的影響，包括滿洲國境內的俄羅斯法西斯黨活動和日本改革派官僚的「技術至上」主張。最後，跨時空和延續性的特色已成為新近研究滿洲國的趨勢，包括文學史和文化研究中的族群關係，還有與東亞地區的連動，其中也關注到「後滿洲國」的歷史經驗。

This article attempts to summarize developments in the study of Manchukuo over the past quarter century. Since the 1990s, influenced by the end of the Cold War and changes in historiographical thought, research on Manchukuo has shown significant progress. First, scholars have cast off the shadow of war and reapplied studies of empire and imperialism to understand the relationship between Manchukuo and Japan. In the twenty-first century, scholars have been inspired by postcolonial theory and used the relationship between knowledge and power to examine“colonial modernity,”which has led to more diverse perspectives on the status of Manchukuo. Second, scholars have considered the influence of fascism on Manchukuo, such as the activities of the Russian Fascist Party within its borders and the“technocracy”advocated by Japanese reformist bureaucrats. Finally, continuities across time and space have also come to the fore, including the examination of ethnic relations in literary history and cultural studies as well as regional interconnections with East Asia, which have extended on into historical experiences of the“post-Manchukuo”period.