起重機捲揚機構運轉診斷研究

Research on Operation Diagnosis of Crane Winch Mechanism

國內工安意外時有所聞，尤其起重機相關事故更加引人注目。起重機之捲揚機構負責捲繞繩索和傳遞動力，長時間的運作可能導致組件缺陷和斷裂。然而，依賴單一目視檢查的方法可能存在主觀及檢測精度方面的限制，同時須停機檢查也影響了工作進度。
研究初步評估相關非破壞檢查方法，最後選用聲學成像法（Acoustic Imaging），透過實驗鑑別出捲揚機構運轉故障，建議對於起重機關鍵零組件的維護，除了初步目視檢查之外，可以進一步採用聲學成像法之非破壞檢測技術。
實驗數據結果顯示聲學成像法檢測起重機在不同荷重及異常下的運作狀態，分析聲學特性包含聲壓峰值、頻率等，與荷重、異常變化的交互關係，實驗結果證明鑑別具有差異性，此檢測方法可作為不停機維護檢測，應用於設備運作過程中的機械性能診斷；研究成果可提供事業單位、檢測機構等參考，以提升起重機維修保養與檢測技術。

Occupational safety incidents, especially those involving cranes, are a recurring concern within the industry. Among crane components, winch or hoister, which are responsible for winding ropes and transmitting power, are particularly critical. Prolonged use may lead to the formation of defects and fractures within these components. However, reliance solely on visual inspection can introduce subjectivity and limitations in detection precision, potentially posing a safety hazard. At the same time, inspections that require machinery shutdown can impede operational efficiency.
This research initially explored various non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, ultimately employing acoustic imaging techniques. Experiments demonstrated these methods’efficacy in identifying mechanical faults, suggesting their suitability for the maintenance and inspection of key of crane components, beyond simple initial visual assessments.
Experimental results highlighted the advantages of ultrasonic testing in identifying minuscule cracks and internal defects, offering precision in both depth and accuracy. Acoustic imaging was utilized to monitor the crane’s operational status under varying loads and conditions, analyzing acoustic properties such as sound pressure peaks and frequencies, and their correlations with load changes and anomalies. The findings confirmed these techniques’ability to distinguish between different operational states, allowing for in-service maintenance checks and facilitating ongoing mechanical performance diagnostics. The outcomes of this study enhance crane maintenance and inspection practices, offering valuable insights for industry operators and inspection agencies.