從價值出發：反思藝文類行政法人社會及文化影響力

Starting from Value: Reflecting on Social and Cultural Impact of Art Independent Administrative Institution

行政法人（independent administrative institution）制度，最早源自於英國新公共管理主義，政府組織改造之風潮，自經濟領域延伸至政府組織治理，而有政府「組織越小，運作越好」的思維。台灣2002年推動中央政府組織再造方案，「四化」原則，分別為「去任務化」、「委外化」、「地方化」、「行政法人化」。行政法人的制度將財務及用人制度鬆綁，引進民間企業思維，一方面強調彈性，一方面加強監督課責。時至今日，博物館及美術館面對時代的衝擊，加上經費年年減縮、外部資源爭取不易，逐漸有組織轉型的思維與倡議，行政法人的制度再次受到重視。實務上，行政法人經常面對許多兩難，提高自籌率的要求時，將面對提高票價減少入場人次、追求利潤與實踐公共利益的課題，而如何吸引新目標客群，擴大組織影響力更加是每一個行政法人所必須面對的真實現況，本文從價值出發，反思行政法人的文化及社會影響力，其內在本真價值、工具價值、經濟價值、公共價值之間的論辯為何？並試圖從文獻爬梳的過程中，提出一個新的思考架構。

The independent administrative institution originated from the New Public Management in England, which extends from the economic field to the governance of government organizations, with the thinking that ''smaller is better ''. In 2002, Taiwan promoted the restructuring plan of the central government organization and proposed the ''four modernizations'' principles for organizational reform. The independent administrative institution emphasizes flexibility and also strengthens supervision and accountability. Today, art and culture museums are facing the impact of year-on-year reductions in funding, difficulty in obtaining external resources, and the system of independent administrative institution has also once again received attention. In practice, independent administrative institutions are often faced with many dilemmas, for instance, how to attract new target customers and expand the dialectics of influence of the organization. This article starts from the value and reflects on the cultural and social impact of the independent administrative institution, and the debate between its inherent authentic value, instrumental value, economic value, and public value. It tries to propose a new thinking framework through the process of literature review.