為何改變？如何影響？紀錄片文化價值與社會影響力論述辯證初探

Why can a Documentary Drive Change? How to Measure the Impact of it? A Study on the Dialectic Discourse of Cultural Value and Social Impact in Documentaries

深究紀錄片產製內容與影響力之間的關聯無法不提到臺灣紀錄片產業環境。面對產業基礎薄弱的臺灣紀錄片環境，產製映演規則附隨電影產業資源弱化結果，為何導演們仍大聲疾呼創作是為帶來改變？如果故事就是一切，說故事就可以感染產生同情，為什麼還需要衡量紀錄片的社會影響力？紀錄片面對商業模式或參展路徑之外，還有哪些潛在價值與影響力待發掘？縱使紀錄片改變世界浪潮席捲而來，就學術層面而言，不論從紀錄片美學倫理框架闡釋具社會影響紀錄片產製典範，或單純以經濟學衡量紀錄片產業價值，再無法滿足當代涵納政治、文化、經濟、社會價值生成的紀錄片文化價值邏輯。
如何形塑紀錄片文化價值的根本提問，不論目的是為重寫、改寫、新寫臺灣紀錄片史、為創造文化經濟價值循環，理解臺灣紀錄片文化價值生成內涵、影響力辯證機制如何運作，才有機會逐步拉開紀錄片研究限於製作、美學、政治歷史研究光譜。本文從文化價值與社會影響力論述取徑，架構紀錄片產業思維之外的紀錄片文化價值、公共價值與社會價值論述辯證思維理路。最後藉由梳理臺灣紀錄片文化價值語境，建構文化價值與區辨文化社會影響力有機擴延與消長論述樞紐，尋找紀錄片永續發展核心影響力來源，作為未來描繪紀錄片文化生態系藍圖實踐的可能方向。

While we live in an era where documentaries are produced in a shifting landscape of a weak industrial environment, why are directors still eager for driving changes in society by making documentaries? If stories inspire sympathy, why do we need to measure the social impact of documentaries? In addition to the evolving technologies, emerging digital business models, transforming consumer behavior, and uncertainty about aesthetic value framework, what potential value and impact are there to be discovered? From the perspective of documentary aesthetics and ethical framework to interpret social impact, or simply to measure documentary with economic value, it is no longer able to meet the needs of a contemporary dialectical discourse of cultural value interactive with economic, social and public value logic of a documentary.
It is critical for the documentary community to take an active role in establishing more equitable value discourse systems. The fundamental question is how to shape the cultural value of documentaries, no matter whether the purpose is to rewrite the history of Taiwanese documentaries, or to create a cycle of cultural and economic value, building a discussion mechanism of value and impact discourse is the only way to expand the research spectrum of documentary study limited to the production, aesthetics, and political history. This article takes the impact and value approach of discussing the cultural value and social impact intertwined with each other in documentaries. It constructs a dialectical discourse mechanism for the discussion of documentary cultural value, public value and social value beyond the documentary industry perspective. As for the future study, by sorting out the cultural value context of Taiwanese documentaries, it is urgently tasked to establish stronger, more sustainable infrastructures that better support the diverse ecosystem values of documentaries.