杜甫精神的異代迴響──余懷詩歌與杜甫關係考論

Yu Huai Serves as a Case in Point to Demonstrate How Poets of Later Generations Learn the Art of Poetry Composition from Du Fu

清初遺民詩歌創作群體中，余懷作品多樣且深具個人風格，然其詩名長期為《板橋雜記》一書所掩，關懷者不多。本文認為余懷善以綺麗寫哀情，筆下常寓詩史精神，其時代意蘊尤其與杜甫關係密切。余懷認同杜甫典範意義，不僅大量化用杜詩詩句，並借鑑杜甫詩歌特殊體裁抒發亡國心事，寄寓易代之際的複雜感情，在以詩補史的意識及強烈的今昔之感等層面上，皆與杜詩有消息相通之處。然余懷並非單純的仿擬者，他抱芳菲悱惻之懷，寫孤臣落拓之境，以真情發為歌哭，在板蕩的時代留下歷練苦難的身影，這樣的創作意識，可謂杜詩精神之異代回響。本文考述兩者關係，旨在呈現杜詩無遠弗屆的影響；同時顯示余懷異於當時模擬求似的創作習氣，完成了真我藝術之創造。

Yu Huai余懷(1616-1698) was a loyalist of the Ming Dynasty. His poetry expresses strong feelings of remorse and disruption that accompanied the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. There are many similarities between Yu Huai and the Du Fu, particularly in their collective memories of romance and patriotism. The imitations in Yu Huai not only highlight the creativeness of Du Fu, but also grieved for their loss of home and country. Modern scholars generally agree that Du Fu’s poetry had a significant influence on later generations of poets. From the evolution of Du Fu to Yu Huai, we can observe that, in addition to the dominant Confucian views in Chinese classical poetics, there were also many hidden and popular works written by educated individuals. This study can help to explain Du Fu’s historical significance and reveal his impact on literary creation during the state of war.