探究《群書治要‧孟子》選編篇章所接契於唐太宗的治國之道

本文所勾勒之論述輪廓，首先《群書治要‧孟子》根源於君主同眾人本具的「不忍之心」以成「四端」，並在確立君主務秉此心以行「仁政」後，則可將治國出發點著眼於「仁義」而非「利」。其次，為使臣子得以推行己之仁政，因此一方面需擇賢任才，所謂「天下得人謂之『仁』」；另方面則要君臣以誠相知，使人主得以信任臣子而虛心納諫。最後，君主若能透過佚道使民而不奪農時，並「以民之樂為樂」作為仁政施行依歸，則能契合孟子所描述周文王圃囿雖大，而民亦不以為大之背後涵義，讓君主在觸發仁心同民所樂的共感中，使君民在政治互動上合為一體，並在孟子所揭示君主展現仁政仁心以保其四海之內的施政脈絡下，使執政者在心懷「仁」之觸動下能善始善終。

This article adopts the method of cross-reference between“Qun Shu Zhi Yao, Mencius”and“Zhen Guan Zheng Yao”to outline the ruling principles of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in the book. Although the selection of“Mencius”in“Qun Shu Zhi Yao”only accounts for about one-twenty-seventh of the whole book, but it reveals the overall structure that connects the emperor, ministers and people to each other. The ruling principles of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in“Qun Shu Zhi Yao, Mencius”can be discussed in three parts. First, The emperor needs to establish that he will implement“humane government”(Ren Zheng) with“benevolent heart”(bu ren zhi xin), and then focus on“benevolence and justice”rather than“profit”as the starting point for governing the country. Second, in order to implement“humane government”, it is necessary to select officials with“benevolent heart”. Moreover, the emperor and his ministers must treat each other sincerely, and the emperor must humbly accept the suggestions of his ministers. Finally, the emperor can follow the laws of nature as the basis for governance and become one with the people. Showing the emperor’s humane government and benevolence. From then on, the principle of governance demonstrated the perfect political structure in which the emperor, ministers and people were interdependent.