大學校園規畫設計中的傳統與現代：追溯東海大學早期學院以「獨立迴廊」組織「漏角合院」的設計原型

「東海大學文／理／工學院的設計原型為何」是一個重要但尚未有定論的議題。本文先評斷既有的各種說法，再藉由民居類型的比較研究以及脈絡化的研究方法提出更具說服力的解答。東海大學各學院的平面配置呈現出「單棟量體彼此不相連」、「合院四隅留空」和「以獨立迴廊串連」等顯著特徵；對照設計者陳其寬先生的生命經歷、追尋他熟悉並深受影響的空間經驗，本文指出北京四合院宅園是其設計原型。無論住宅、宮殿或園林，北京四合院均遵守單棟量體彼此不相連、四隅留空的原則（即漏角）；以方正且整圈貫通的「遊廊」組織量體更是北京四合院宅園獨有的特徵。源自「遊廊」的「獨立迴廊」是陳其寬先生奠基於傳統的現代創新，亦是他日後持續探索、規劃大學校園「獨立迴廊系統」的根基。

The design prototype of Tunghai University’s early collegiate quadrangles is an important yet unresolved issue. From reevaluating various old claims, this article attempts to propose a more convincing answer by conducting comparative research on residential typology and a contextualized research approach. The spatial configuration of Tunghai University’s early collegiate quadrangles could be characterized as a group of separate simple buildings connected by a square detached corridor. The four open corners of this quadrangle are also distinctive features. By comparing such characteristics with many other types of courtyard houses around the world and taking the architect Chen Chi-kwan’s life experiences into consideration, this article identifies the Beijing courtyard house (Siheyuan) as the real design prototype. Whether it is a residential building complex, palace, or garden, Beijing Siheyuan adheres to the design principles of separating all the buildings and leaving the four corners of the quadrangle open to the sky. Connecting all the simple buildings by creating a square loop corridor (Youlang) is the unique feature of the Beijing Siheyuan. Derived from and grounded in the traditional Youlang, modern architect Chen Chi-kwan innovatively used the detached corridor first in the quadrangles at Tunghai University and then in the planning of many other university campuses later on more systematically.