開放海上武裝保全法制之再思：國際海事組織臨時指南；建議及日本法之借

在雇用私人武裝保全人員（PCASP）實施船舶保全工作時，為避免無辜第三方遭受損害，宜對武器使用時機與程序訂定規範。為因應多年以來海盜對我國航運業、遠洋漁業的威脅，本研究在2013年修法的基礎上，參考國際海事組織（IMO）的相關臨時指南、建議及日本法，建議增訂優先選擇經國際機構認證的私人海事安全公司（PMSC）規定、PCASP入/過境規定。本研究進一步提出落實事前風險評估、武裝攻擊事件中角色關係的教育訓練、PCASP船舶初次抵境之檢查、船上武器保管規定、因應武力攻擊的分階段回應計畫、事件發生時（後）的記錄、報告規定，以及罰則規定等建議。若我國未來規劃開放PMSC，應考慮制定有關PMSC與PCASP的相關積極、消極資格與要件，並檢討報備制/許可制之選擇。

When employing private armed security personnel (PCASP) for ship protection, regulating the timing and procedures for weapon use can prevent harm to innocent parties. In response to the threat posed by Somali pirates to Taiwan’s shipping industry and offshore fishing industry over the years, this study recommends the addition of a new requirement to give preference to private maritime security companies (PMSCs) certified by internationally organization and PCASP entry/transit regulations, based on the 2013 amendment and with reference to the relevant interim guidelines and recommendations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and Japanese law. Secondly, it is recommended to implement prior risk assessment, education, and training on the relationship between roles in the event of an armed attack, inspection of PCASP vessels upon initial arrival, regulations on the storage of weapons on board, phased response plan in response to an armed attack, record keeping, reporting requirements, and penalty regulations at the time of the incident. If Taiwan plans to open up PMSCs, it should consider formulating positive and negative qualifications and conditions related to PMSCs and PCASPs, and review the options of reporting system/permit system.