「法式女性主義」的史家論戰與理解歷史的兩種方法：莫娜‧奧祖夫的「歷史批判」和瓊‧斯科特的「批判歷史」

本文探討法國大革命史家奧祖夫（Mona Ozouf）於1995年出版的《女性的話語》（Les Mots des femmes）及其引發的論戰如何加速法國婦女史的「性別轉向」，透過她和美國女性主義史家斯科特（Joan Wallach Scott）就法國兩性文化展開的辯論（包含2011年的「法式女性主義」〔“Féminismeàla française”〕論戰），指出雙方衝突的核心涉及兩種理解歷史的方式：前者以「歷史批判」（“histoire critique”）的方式書寫民族，後者以法國為研究對象的「批判歷史」（“Critical History”）則是為了拆解共和主義的普世主義等建構當代法國民族認同的敘事。

This article examines the historical experience of French revolutionary historian Ozouf’s 1995 book Les Mots des Femmes and the debates it provoked, which accelerated the“gender turn”in French women’s history. Focusing on the debates she had with the American feminist historian Joan Scott over the book’s discussion of French gender culture—including the 2011 debate on“French feminism”—this article identifies a central conflict in their debates that involves two ways of understanding history: the former’s“histoire critique”(or historical critical) approach to writing about the nation, while the latter’s“Critical History”, with France as its object of study, seeks to dismantle narratives of republican universalism and other constructions of national identity in contemporary France.