以契約空隙探討都市更新事業計畫同意書之契約控制權

依現行「都市更新條例」規定，都市更新事業之實施應經一定比例以上的土地及合法建築物所有權人同意後，以同意書授權實施者向主管機關申請都市更新事業計畫之審核。更新計畫是由土地和合法建築物所有權人授權實施者，進行更新計畫的整體規劃、更新計畫費用的共同負擔及分配、土地及合法建築物所有權人意願整合、更新計畫完成法定程序及依據審核內容完成重建工程等之都市再發展計畫。為促進更新計畫之順利推動，實施者與所有權人雙方在資訊不對稱下，依規定簽署同意書時對共同負擔之預定「參考點」，與在經更新事業計畫審核後不同，造成面臨修正或選擇撤銷同意書之困境。參考點變動產生同意書之「空隙」（gaps），以致產生契約的剩餘財產（Residual Right），但契約真實的剩餘額，需參照在更新事業計畫實施完成時之參考點，結算實際收入扣除實際成本後之餘額。
本研究即以契約空隙角度，在資訊不對稱下，探討參考點變動產生契約空隙之
「剩餘控制權」（Residual Control Right）之歸屬，從同意書之預定參考點、更新計畫核定參考點、至更新後房地銷售（或預售）參考點（即結算參考點）之契約空隙，研究契約空隙的控制權，期待透過本研究建構契約結算日之機制，以輔助同意書不足之處，以利都市更新事業之推動。

According to Urban Renewal Act, the Implementer shall be authorized by owners’Consent signed by a certain proportion of the legal estate owners, and have to summit it with the Urban Renewal Plan to the Authority for a review. Urban–Renewal Plan is a reconstruction project carried out by the Implementer who is authorized by the legal owners of land and buildings of some certain area. It includes making the overall plan, calculating the proportion of costs borne by each party and the way in which benefits are distributed, consolidating the intention of the owners, completing the review of the legal process, and constructing in accordance with the approved plan. When both parties sign the Consent, they will pre-set a“reference value point”that is agreed to be borne by both parties after the accomplishment of the Urban-Renewal Plan in the future. However, it often leads a decision-making choice between both parties that either amending or withdrawing the Consent under the condition of information asymmetry.
This study tries to explore the ownership of the“Residual Control Right”of gaps in the Consent that caused by the change of the reference value points during the contract period under the condition of information asymmetry, in terms of the gaps that happened in three different reference value points: the pre-determined reference value point of the Consent, the reference value point when the Urban-renewal Plan approved, and the reference value point when renewed estate sales or pre-sales start. Finally, through putting forward the mechanism of“the settlement date of the Urban-renewal Plan”to remedy the deficiencies of the Consent, in order to promote a well-planned urban renewal business.