基於全局的選擇：美國在中華民國時期面對的兩次承認問題

2021年，與美軍及多國部隊對抗的塔利班（Tālibān）政權，在短短的三個月中迅速擴張勢力，在8月15日進入首都喀布爾，並準備自美國扶植的阿富汗政府手中接掌政權。美國隨即決定從阿富汗撤軍，並考慮承認這個當初被美國推翻，卻又東山再起的政權，引發了極大的爭議。
中國現代史上，幾次出現了政權並立的狀況，爭取承認，便成為並立的政權亟欲爭取的目標。辛亥革命之後的爭取各國承認，以及中國建政後的承認問題，美國都扮演重要角色。本文即在討論美國在辛亥革命前後與中國大陸政權易手前後兩個時期的中國情勢上，如何因應？在考慮承認的過程中，有何決定性因素，進而比較美國在面對兩次承認問題時態度的異同。

In 2021, the Taliban (Tālibān) regime, which was confronting the US military and multinational forces, rapidly expanded its power in just three months. It entered the capital Kabul on August 15 and prepared to take over power from the Afghan government supported by the US. The United States is withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan and is considering recognizing the regime that was overthrown by the United States but then made a comeback, which has caused great controversy.
In modern Chinese history, there have been several situations where political powers coexisted. Striving for recognition has become an urgent goal for the coexisting political powers. The United States played an important role in the fight for recognition from various countries after the Revolution of 1911, and the recognition of China after its founding. This article discusses how the United States responded to the situation in China during the two periods before and after the Revolution of 1911 and before and after the change of power in mainland China. In the process of considering recognition, what are the decisive factors, and then compare the similarities and differences in the attitudes of the United States when facing the two recognition issues.