管窺方志人物傳與正史列傳之別：以北宋沈起為例

宋代以降方志編纂日盛，人物傳成為地方社會崇敬先賢的重要載體，而同一人物在正史列傳如何記載，與方志人物傳有何異同仍有待探索。本文以北宋中期沈起為例，他出身四明，仕途雖有起伏，仍步步高陞。神宗即位對外政策轉趨積極，沈起知桂州負責經略西南，為時雖僅一年卻與繼任者共同承擔交趾入侵之責，並讓神宗氣憤欲殺之，至死難以翻身。此後兩宋相關記載，對沈起普遍負評，但宋元易代後，《延祐四明志》卻將其收入人物傳，名列在地先賢。何以如此？除沈起為北宋中期具德行且政事活躍者外，交趾之責也已事過境遷。相反地，《宋史．沈起傳》依舊承續宋代《國史》等文獻記載，對其嚴厲批評。故方志人物傳與正史列傳的書寫未必相同，彼此關係頗為曲折，地方史傳對在地人物自有評價，未必與國家層級的朝廷史書相同。

The differences in how the same figure is recorded in official historical biographies compared to local gazetteer biographies remain to be explored.
This article takes Shen Qi for example. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he was responsible for managing the southwest and bore the blame for the invasion of Jiaozi, which angered Emperor Shenzong to the point of wanting him dead, and Shen Qi found it difficult to clear his name until his death.Subsequent records related to the two Song dynasties generally gave Shen Qi a negative comment, but after the Yuan Dynasty replaced the Song Dynasty, the“The Siming Gazetteers in the Reign of Yanyou”incorporated him in the biographies.
By contrast, the“History of Song：Biography of Shen Qi”continued the Song Dynasty’s“National History”and other literature records, directly criticizing him. Therefore, the writing of local gazetteer biographies and official historical biographies may not be the same, and their relationship is quite complicated. Local historical biographies have their own comments of local figures, which may not be the same as the national-level court history books.