日軍陣地的建築構工——以石頭營要塞為例

二戰末期，日軍在枋寮石頭營設置了指揮、觀測與攻擊陣地。設施類型可略分為「框舍」、「掩體」和「穹窖」。日軍利用山勢地形，於山谷間以機槍堡及坑道系統配置外圍陣地，山脊處以砲陣地和觀測所配置火砲陣地，165高地則為要塞核心，以戰鬪指揮所和砲穹窖建構重砲陣地。陣地構工依使用機能搭配不同空間形制，如砲掩體和機槍掩體以砲車和槍械運作為首要考量。不同的運作特性對附屬空間、射口形式，甚至空間裝修皆有不同做法。內部動線與空間配置則考量敵軍入侵、物料倉儲、人員掩蔽等，而有阻絕壁、彈藥室及儲藏兼人員掩蔽空間。本研究透過美日軍事史料，以石頭營為例，進行測繪及空間調查。期待能對保存軍事設施與戰爭記憶略盡心力。

During the last stage of WW2, the Japanese army set up military positions at Shitouying, including a command center, observatatories and bunkers. The facilities could be divided into Blockhouse, Bunker, and Casemate depending on the needs. The Japanese took advantage of topography and set up machine gun bunkers and tunnel systems in the valleys, for arranging the peripheral defecse positions. Artillery bunkers and observation posts were located at the mountain ridges for complex artillery positions. The center of the Sekitoei Fortress was at Hill 165. The main heavy artillery force included a command center and artillery casemate system. The structure of Japanese military positions has different space forms based on different functions; for example, the space insided artillery bunkers and machine gun positions are related to the artillery vehicles and firearms. Because of different operational features, there are different approaches to the subsidiary space, the form of gun ports and space layout. These approaches reflects military tactics such as enemy invasion, supplies storage, and personnel shelter. As a result, there are walls, ammunition and storage rooms, and personnel shelter spaces. Based on the US and Japanese military historical materials, the mapping and investigation of spcific cases, the author hopes this essay could contribute to the historic preservation of Japanese military positions and war memories.