由區域治理探討鄉鎮市法律地位與功能轉型   全文下載

From Region Governance Research the Legal Status of Township and Function Transformation

研究都會與城鄉均衡發展之理論至多。大體上，就區域發展理論而言，可略分為均衡發展理論及不均衡發展理論，隨各國之國情及發展之程度而有其不同之適用性。不平衡發展理論承認區域間發展不平衡的現實面，主張一部分地區率先起飛，使其經濟快速成長再帶動次發達地區，尤其強調的是經濟效益目標的突顯，其著重生產要素及基礎條件較好的地區予以政策優惠。有關不平衡理論之模式甚多，如梯度推進模式，認為區域經濟的發展盛衰，主要取決於該地區產業結構的優劣與轉移，而產業結構的優劣又取決於地區各經濟部門，特別是主導專業化部門在工業生命週期中所處的階段。且由科技進步引致創新的新產品、新技術、新思想以及新的生產管理與組織方法等，多發源於高梯度地區，其對周圍地區的經濟發展，也將造成地區間的兩極分化，故適用上風險頗高，但在區域發展不平衡之地區有其不得不然的困擾，但亦應防止發展失衡之惡性循環。
此外，尚有區域經濟發展中的輻射理論，其主要特色為，1.輻射是一個雙向的過程，不同能量的物體相互輻射；2.輻射的結果是隨著能量的傳遞而逐漸拉平物體之間的能量；3.一個物體的能量只要高於周圍其他物體，淨輻射出去的能量數量就大於自然吸收的能量數量；4.兩個物體距離越近，能量輻射越大。而區域經濟發展中的輻射媒介，主要為道路、交通、資訊等所決定的市場一體化水平，直接影響輻射之有效性。在輻射過程中，資本必然向投資效率高的地區流動。初期，中心城市資本的邊際效益較高，資本由周邊地區向中心城市流動；相當時段後則會出現返流現象。故長遠以觀，資本在中心城市與周邊地區之間的流動不僅有利于中心城市的經濟發展與現代化進程，而且也有利於周邊地區的經濟發展與現代化過程。中國大陸目前即採用此種理論，惟人才的流動有別於資本的流動，需要較長的時間及較大的成本。基本上，輻射理論特別強調市場機制，在經濟發展及民主化進程中的基礎作用，多適用於資本主義之已開發國家，但亦易激化M型社會之。
我國目前之城鄉區劃與層級，能否經由地方治理以解決城鄉發展之均衡問題以與全球化接軌，實為本文研究探討之目的核心所在；並將經由理論之適用，以尋求最適於我國都會與城鄉均衡發展之模型。在21世紀的今日，地方發展必須與全球化接軌的同時，究竟須城鄉均衡發展方能解決地方自治與提升國家競爭力之問題；抑或非均衡發展資源集中使用方能解決地方自治與提升國家競爭力之問題將在本研究中得到相當分析之成果。

The 21st century came into the Post-Capitalism era; the Model M society has already taken place, the global inflation try to go up. It’s the same time to enforce the local governing to upgrade the national competitiveness for the basic local autonomy in the democratic state, it’s very important to trample the social society. It gives consideration to be balanced development with urban and rural areas. Nearly 1/3 of the people in our country live in concentrated communities in the large metropolis area of Taipei. Whether among them the Tao Yuan county could become the aviation city around the Asian-Pacific Operation Center and network center of Asian-Pacific information in the future, there are a lot of problem to solve, but the balanced development and place in urban and rural areas are managed and integrated with globalization for primary affair in the future.
According to Regional Economic Development theory, the theory can divide into the Theories of Balanced and Unbalanced Regional Economic Development; there is its different suitability with different national conditions and development of various countries. Unbalanced Regional Economic Development admitted the true of the regional unbalanced, maintain some areas take the lead in taking off, make its economy grow up and drive developed area once again fast, it is conspicuous that it was economic benefits goal that was especially emphasized, it focuses on the better area of factor of production and basic condition and gives the policy favorably. To think the development prosperity and decline of the regional economy, depend on the quality and transformation of the industrial structure of this mainly area, and the quality of the industrial structure depends on every economic department in the area again, especially the stage that the specialized department of the leading factor is in during industrial product lifecycle. And cause new products, new technology, new thought and new production management innovated and organizing the method etc. It will cause the polarization among the areas too to economic development of the surrounding area, but there is its puzzlement with no alternative in the area of the regional disparate development, but should prevent developing the outof- balance vicious circle.
In addition, still having theory of radiating in regional economic development, its main characteristic is, 1.Radiation theory is a two-way course, the mutual radiation of object of different energy; 2.The result of radiation is to even up the energy between objects gradually with transmission of energy; 3.So long as the energy of an object is higher than other objects around, the quantity of energy going out in net radiation is greater than the quantity of energy absorbed naturally; 4.The nearer the distance between two objects energy is the greater in radiation.
And the media of radiating in regional economic development, integrated level of market determined for road, traffic, information, etc. influence the validity of radiation directly. In the theory of radiation, the capital must flow in the area with high efficiency in investment. Initial stage, the marginal benefit of the capital of main city is relatively high, the capital flows from surrounding area to main city; Analogous to will return to the phenomenon of flowing after long period. With the view of the long-term, the flow between main city and surrounding area of the capital is not merely favorable to the economic development and modernization drive of the main city, and is favorable to economic development of the surrounding area and modernized course.
This essay will discuss the present zoning urban and rural areas in Taiwan, to solve the balanced problem of development in urban and rural areas for integrating with globalization; Today in the 21st century, in the meantime urban and rural areas equilibrium development must integrate, it’s a question to solve local autonomy and raise the competitiveness in globalization; In this essay, we will find the approach to solve this problem .