保障事件之暫時性權利保護機制－－以競爭型陞遷事件為例   全文下載

Temporary Right Protection Mechanism for Civil Servants' Right in the Competitive Promotion Cases

遲來的正義並非正義。基於憲法對訴訟權及服公職權利之保障，公務員在服公職權受侵害時，應提供救濟之機會。惟在救濟程序終結前，為防止公務員之權利遭受無法回復之損害，應同時提供公務員適當的暫時性權利保護機制，以確保其權利保護之有效性。特別是競爭型陞遷事件，未獲陞遷之公務員雖得提起救濟，但機關若於救濟程序進行中陞任他人，因為「佔缺」的關係，可能會對未獲陞遷之公務員造成無法回復之損害，故此種競爭型陞遷事件之救濟非常仰賴暫時性權利保護之機制。本文擬以暫時性權利保護的憲法基礎為出發點，以競爭型陞遷事件為例，探討暫時性權利保護機制於保障事件的運用，並介紹兩則德國聯邦憲法法院之判決，以供我國實務運作之參考。

Justice delayed is justice denied. The Constitution of ROC grants the civil servants the rights to hold public offices, file complaints, and initiate legal proceedings. When the aforementioned rights of civil servants are infringed, they should have the opportunity to seek a remedy. It is important that the right protection must be effective and not too late. However, in some circumstances, the servants' rights could suffer immediate irreparable harm before the legal proceedings are completed. Thus, there is the need to create a temporary right protection mechanism. Especially in the case of promotion, if the authorities choose the other competitive candidate and the promotion position is immediately occupied; the rights of other competitive candidates could suffer immediate irreparable harm. Therefore, the protection of the servants' rights to promote mostly relies on the temporary right protection mechanism.
This article will discuss the temporary right protection mechanism and its constitutional base in ROC and Germany. Two cases of Federal Constitutional Court in Germany will be also introduced. The study will confined to issues concerning competitive promotion.