政務官培訓途徑之探討   全文下載

A Study on the Ways for Training Political Appointees

政務官主要負責決策，影響國家與民眾利益至大，如何培訓，使其勝任，格外顯得重要。本研究旨在透過文獻分析與實地訪談方法，達到下列目的：（1）釐清政務官與事務官之區別；（2）研析政務官之責任與所需能力；（3）比較國內外政務官培訓之途徑；（4）提出結論與建議，俾供參考。
本研究主要發現：在亞洲的新加坡係由執政黨由各界中找出合適人士參加國會選舉，再由優秀的國會議員中任命為政務官。在歐洲的英國實施內閣制，其政務官之培育係經一般國會議員--資淺部長--內閣部長等過程，相當嚴謹。而在美洲的美國則實施總統制，其政務官異動頻繁，造成管理問題，故政府曾為其辦理講習，以增進管理技巧。我國主要政黨培訓政務人才，已經成立相關培訓機構或團體，新政府亦曾為政務官舉辦研習。本研究並提出下列建議：（1）在長期培訓方面，可分政黨、大學、立法院、行政機關、地方政治人才、企業界等六項；（2）在短期培訓方面，可分短期研習、與國外大學合辦研習、短期出國考察、拜訪相關人士、聽取業務簡報等五項。

The main responsibility of political appointees is to decide policy. Their decisions have a major impact on national interests and citizen well-being. This makes providing them with proper training so they can competently carry out their duties a particularly important issue. By analyzing the associated literature and conducting on the spot interviews this study aimed to achieve the following purposes: (1) Clarify the differences between political appointees and civil servants; (2) Study and analyze the responsibilities of political appointees and the abilities required; (3) Compare the training options available for domestic and foreign political appointees; (4)Provide conclusions and recommendations for reference.
This study found that: Within Asia, the political parties in Singapore look for appropriate candidates from all parts of society to participate in the parliamentary elections, with outstanding members of parliament chosen as political appointees. In Europe, England uses the cabinet model, in which political appointees rise through the ranks, starting as normal members of parliament and progressing to become junior ministers, and then cabinet ministers, in a relatively regulated process. In the Americas, the United States of America follows the presidential model. Frequent changes of political appointees leads to management issues, so the government holds workshops to improve their management skills. To develop and train political appointees, our country’s major political parties have established related training organizations or groups. The new government has also organized workshops for its political appointees. The study also made the following recommendations: (1) For long-term training, the six categories are political parties, universities, the Legislative Yuan ,administrative organizations, local political expertise and enterprise; (2) For short-term training, these can be classified as five categories include short-term workshops, collaborative training with foreign universities, short-term international inspection tours, visits to related personnel and listening to official briefings.