夢的賞讀團體之個人隱私與保密

Privacy and Confidentiality in the Experiential Dream Group

本文討論保密在小團體運作中的侷限性與困難度。為了減低個人隱私在團體外洩漏的潛在傷害，作者建議夢的賞讀團體帶領者除了告知團體成員保密的規範之外，應與成員討論團體保密的困難性，以及請成員自己決定他們在團體中的開放程度。此外，作者指出夢的賞讀團體進行的某些規則對個人隱私的尊重與保護有特殊貢獻。這些規則包括：1.所有成員的發言都是自願，不強求或暗示成員發言；2.分享夢的人完全出於個人意願，不建議或暗示他人分享夢；3.一旦有人決定分享夢，這位給夢者即掌控團體的進行，給夢者只須分享他覺得自在分享的部分，當他覺得團體超越個人私密界線，他可隨時中斷團體賞讀他的夢，或對任何他認為是隱私的問題保持沈默；4.團體成員與帶領者不應提問誘導性以及要求提供答案的問題。誘導性問題暗藏成員的預設，而要求資訊問題則強求給夢者提供問題答案。換句話說，所有的提問應是試探性地邀請給夢者分享他所願意分享的資訊，而不是要求給夢者提供成員想知道的訊息。由於這些防衛措施，即使有成員不慎地違反保密的承諾，給夢者的隱私仍然被強有力地保護著。

This essay addresses the difficulties and limitations of confidentiality in group work. To minimize the potential harm of private material being divulged outside the experiential dream group, the leader should inform group members that (a) everything shared in the group is confidential, (b) there are limitations to what you can expect from group members in this regard, and (c) each group member should decide on their own how open they are willing to be. Furthermore, the author points out that several rules operative in experiential dream group contribute to the protection of personal privacy. These are: (1) Participation is purely voluntary. No one can prod any member to speak. (2) Sharing a dream is voluntary. No one can suggest that a certain person share a dream. (3) Once someone does share a dream, that person, and not the group leader, is in control of the process and can stop the process at any stage should she feel that it has gone too far or gotten into an area that is too confidential or private. Furthermore, the dreamer only shares what she/he feels comfortable sharing and can keep silent about anything deemed too private. (4) Neither the leader nor the group members can ask the dreamer questions that are information-demanding or ''leading.'' A leading question is a hypothesis camouflaged as a question. An information-demanding question is one that demands an answer from the dreamer. All questions must be information-eliciting, in other words they can only invite the dreamer to share whatever the dreamer wishes. Because of these additional safeguards, even if a group member should inadvertently violate the confidentiality pledge, the privacy of the dreamer, and of other members of the group, is still strongly protected.