由傳統生態智慧觀點探討不同時期漢人聚落空間布局變遷對物理環境之影響

Exploring the Impact of Spatial Layout Changes in Various Periods of Han People on Physical Environment Based Upon Traditional Ecological Knowledge

傳統生態智慧(Traditional Ecological Knowledge, TEK)是指在傳統文化中關於自然資源如何永續應用的傳統知識，注重的是人與環境的互動。而傳統建築及聚落中隱含著與適應環境之智慧，故本研究參考歷史圖資，重建臺灣與離島傳統聚落之空間布局，運用計算流體動力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)分析其物理環境，比較不同聚落之空間布局，以及時間變遷下之聚落布局變化，分析出傳統生態智慧之都市規劃策略建議，以改善因氣候變遷使都市熱島效應越加明顯的都市環境。研究成果得知，聚落在因應冬季寒冷氣候上，主要為透過地勢、建築配置減緩冬季強烈東北季風，其中建築配置與主要風向相互垂直，且於迎風側有較密集之建築布局，以此阻擋外部風進入聚落內部；而在因應夏季炎熱氣候上，主要為透過水體或植栽等低比熱地表降低氣溫，形成溫度差，增加風的流動，並增加聚落內部的開放空間，使風易於進入聚落內部。

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) refers to the traditional knowledge about the sustainable application of natural resources in traditional cultures. It emphasizes the interactions between human beings and the environment. Traditional architectures and settlements contain the wisdom of adapting to the environment. Therefore, this study reconstructed the spatial layout of traditional settlements in Taiwan and outlying islands based on historical map data. Next, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze the physical environment, compare the spatial layout of various settlements, and analyze the changes in settlement layout over time. The purpose was to propose urban planning strategies based on TEK to improve the urban areas, where the urban heat island effect has become increasingly pronounced due to climate change. The results show that the terrain and building layout actually mitigate strong northeast monsoons during winter, with the building layout perpendicular to the wind direction and dense buildings distributed on the windward side. Meanwhile, water bodies and plantations can increase the wind flow during the summer, and the open space helps to bring the wind into the settlemen ts.