應用歐盟循環經濟指標監測系統評估臺灣循環經濟發展績效

Applying the EU Circular Economy Indicator Monitoring Framework to Evaluate the Circular Economy Development Performance in Taiwan

循環經濟已成為全球2050年邁向淨零碳排的最重要政策措施之一，然而，循環經濟系統相當複雜，如何建置檢視國家整體循環經濟發展現狀指標，作為政府施政參考依據，這就構成本研究目的。本研究參考歐盟2018年提出「歐盟循環經濟監測架構」，以及考量我國國情與資料可取得性，建置包括：生產與消費、廢棄物管理、二次料及競爭力與創新性等四個構面，以及16項循環經濟監測複合指標。本研究應用指標正規化(Normalization)及主成分分析法(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)，加總臺灣循環經濟發展綜合指數，以及以敏感性分析(Sensitivity Analysis Method)，確認指標系統的穩健性。評估結果顯示，過去15年（2005-2019），臺灣整體已邁向循環經濟發展路徑，特別是廢棄物管理綜合績效最佳，然而，生產與消費呈現波動性，尚待改善，其中，水泥自給率、廢棄物密集度、人均都市食物廢棄物量及食物廢棄物密集度背離循環經濟，將是未來循環經濟政策的重點工作。

The circular economy has become a priority strategy taken in response to net zero emissions around the world by 2050. The circular economy system is extraordinarily complex, and the circular economy development strategy includes not only waste management but also other aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish indicators to review the overall circular economy development status of the country as a reference for government governance. This presents an opportunity and a challenge for the Taiwanese government to establish a comprehensive monitoring system to ensure the progress of the circular economy. With reference to the EU Circular Economy Monitoring Framework proposed by the European Union (EU) in 2018, and taking into account the specific circumstances of the country and the data availability, this study constructs 16 composite indicators for evaluating the progress toward a circular economy in Taiwan in four dimensions: production and consumption, waste management, secondary materials, and competitiveness and innovation. In this paper, indicator normalization and principal components analysis (PCA) are used to summarize the comprehensive index of Taiwan’s circular economy development, and sensitivity analysis is conducted to confirm the robustness of the index system. The results show that in the past 15 years from 2005 to 2019, Taiwan has been moving towards a circular economy, especially the overall performance of waste management. However, the self-sufficiency rate of cement, the intensity of waste, and the per capita urban food waste are against the circular economy, indicating that the focus of circular economy policies and measures should be strengthened in the future.