前涼督護系列軍職與安定梁氏考——以〈梁舒墓表〉為中心的考察

A Study of the Series of Official Posts Called “Protector”（duhu督護） and the Liangs of Anding （安定梁氏）Former Liang: With a Focus on the “Liang Shu Grave Inscription”

Information in the “Liang Shu grave inscription” （〈梁舒墓表〉） can help us attain a better understanding of some aspects of the development of the Former Liang （ca. 301-376). There were a series of official posts called “Protector” （ duhu 督護） in the army, including Central Protector （zhongduhu （舒墓）, Protector of the Left （zuoduhu ）舒墓）, Protector of the Vanguard （qianfeng duhu 督護舒墓）, and Protector （duhu 舒墓）, and so on, which had a clear division of labor in the conduct of war. This system was inherited from the Western Jin Dynasty, and was set up in the early period of the Former Liang, when Zhang Gui（張軌, d. 314） and Zhang Shi（張寔, d. 320）were in power, and played an important role in the war at the beginning of the Former Liang. When the system of military leadership by Generals（jiangjun 將軍） and the system of leadership by Area Commanders （dudu 督都） were established, the series of official posts called Protector （duhu) was abolished, after the time of Zhang Shi. Furthermore the reform of this military system reflected the strengthening of the power of the sovereign in the Former Liang. The change of the Central Protector from actual office in the time of Zhang Gui to the symbolic title which was assigned to Liang Shu （梁舒） in the late Former Liang not only reflected the trend toward symbolic official titles in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties but also reveals unique characteristics of the development of the Former Liang. By analyzing of the relationship between Liang Shu and the post of Central Protector, the process of development and the ups and downs of political positions of the Liangs of Anding（安定梁氏）in the Former Liang can be shown.