科技創新下的法律挑戰──以人工智慧為中心

Legal Challenges Under the Technological Innovation of AI

生成式人工智慧被應用在越來越多產業領域，數位發展潮流及轉變快速，讓法規及政策時常在後面追趕。當所有產業包括戰爭武器、國安情資，乃至政治選舉都在朝人工智慧AI發展，人工智慧自然需要健康有序之政策與法律，要如何妥適建立監督防護機制，確保未來利用生成式人工智慧能安全確當應用，即顯得格外重要。本文以人工智慧為中心，探討科技創新下的法律挑戰，先以AI的各種應用點出問題所在，再介紹AI及ChatGPT之發展進程，接著導出AI技術革新帶來的法律挑戰，分別討論其刑事、民事責任及行政責任，指出建構人工智慧新時代之責任法體系，以及保持對AI治理之動態性規制，再從治理機制及現行法制之不足，得出AI發展應受到規管之結論，本文認為歐盟之作法可資參考，最後以六項寬嚴並進規管策略，作為應處法律挑戰之結論。

Generative AI is being applied in more and more industrial fields, and digital development trends are rapid, leaving regulations to catch up. When all industries, including war weapons, national security intelligence, and even political elections, are developing towards AI, AI naturally requires healthy and orderly policies and laws; how to properly establish a supervision and protection mechanism to ensure the future use of generated AI. It is extremely important to be able to use AI safely and correctly to avoid infringement of legal interests. This article takes the development and trends of AI technology as the basis of research, and based on the disputes that have arisen or are foreseeable at the intersection with the law, considers the corresponding management norms or means, and analyzes the policy choices and regulatory adjustments under innovative technology. For example, should the development of AI be subject to regulation? When faced with the proliferation of false information and the boundaries of freedom of speech, how should the government properly handle it in order to establish a control strategy that protects freedom of speech and maintains security and order. For the digital economy in the post-epidemic era with the development of science and technology, the legal system can not only respond to technological changes through the perfection of the AI legal system, but also drive the rapid development of science and technology through legal reforms.