少年矯正機關霸凌次文化之認同及其成因之探究

Exploring Identification of Bullying Subculture and Its Influential Factors in Taiwanese Juvenile Correctional Institutions

近年來，少年矯正機關少年霸凌事件，層出不窮，不僅受到社會大眾關注，部份案件也遭到監察院的調查與糾正，凸顯此一議題的重要性。然而，少年矯正機關的霸凌行為，是否屬於矯正機關收容處所的次文化之一？卻也尚未探究。因此，本研究目的為了解少年矯正機關中霸凌次文化的認同程度以及運用剝奪模式和輸入模式探究影響少年認同霸凌次文化之成因，最後依據研究結果提出具體的防制方法。本研究於2015年2月針對臺灣地區的少年矯正機構實施普查（Censuses），排除受訪當日接見、重大違規、疾病與新收之少年，最後回收1,045份問卷，佔總收容少年之79%。經由統計分析與檢驗後，本研究發現約6%－14%收容少年表示認同霸凌次文化。透過結構方程模式（SEM）的分析發現，男性、幫派參與經驗、收容機關、社會支持（管教人員支持與同儕支持）、收容壓力（環境壓力與被害壓力）以及收容中的權力關係感受，顯著地預測了收容少年對於霸凌次文化的認同程度。最後根據本研究發現所提出四點政策意涵提供矯正當局與少年矯正機關參考。

In recent years, several incidents of juvenile bullying that occurred in juvenile correctional institutions have not only attracted the attention of the media and public but have also been investigated by the supervisory members of Control Yuan, highlighting the importance of this issue. However, the issue of whether bullying behaviors occurred in juvenile correctional institutions is one of the subcultures is still unknown. Therefore, while the bullying subculture is not news in ordinal high schools, the purpose of this research is to examine the extent to which the bullying subculture is among those juvenile offenders. In addition, based on the theoretical literature, the deprivation and importation models and their relevant factors developed in the West were employed as predictors to examine the impacts on the identification of bullying subculture. Using a census data of 1,045 juvenile offenders collected from four juvenile correctional institutions in February 2015, this study found that about 6%~14% of respondents reported the bullying subculture that can be identified in their housing settings. Also, the results from the structural equation model (SEM) showed, male, gang participation experience, institution, social support (personnel support and peer support), incarceration pressure (environmental pressure and fear of victimization), and feelings of authority relations in peer significantly impact the degree of identification of bullying subculture among those juvenile offenders.