書目計量數據在教育研究領域的應用與啟示

Applications and Insights of Bibliometric Data in the Field of Educational Research

社會科學實證研究中最大的難題就是取得大量且可靠的數據資料，然而書目資料的出現以及數位化恰恰好提供了社會科學家一個絕好的分析素材，以一篇發表的期刊論文為例，書目資料大體上可以提供包括期刊名稱、論文篇名、作者、作者所屬機構、所屬國家、論文摘要、出版年份以及引用文獻等。這些看似瑣碎的資料，如同一筆一筆欄目記載著龐大的社會活動訊息，而這些訊息可供社會科學家以實證研究的角度對其加以分析。換言之，這些書目資料就如同我們每日在社群媒體或是生活周遭不斷產生的訊息，如果我們能加以捕捉，我們就能了解社會現象。在數據取得以及分析軟體等技術挑戰被陸續克服，對社會科學領域的研究者來說，隨之而來的問題則是有哪些理論以及研究議題可以幫助我們更好的使用書目資料，或者書目資料可以幫助我們去回答哪些過往受到數據取得的限制而無法回答的問題。有鑑於此，本文將梳理當前在國際頂尖期刊中使用書目資料於實證研究的案例，提供有志於使用書目資料分析以回答社會科學領域的研究者參考。

The greatest challenge in empirical research in the social sciences lies in acquiring large quantities of reliable data. However, the emergence of bibliographic data and digitization conveniently provides social scientists with excellent analytical material. Taking a published journal article as an example, bibliographic data can generally include the journal name, article title, author, author's affiliation, country of origin, abstract, publication year, and references. These seemingly fragmented data, like entries recording vast social activities, are available for analysis from the perspective of empirical research. In other words, these bibliographic data are akin to the constant stream of messages we encounter daily on social media or in our surroundings; if captured, they enable us to understand social phenomena. As challenges such as data acquisition and analysis software are gradually overcome, the subsequent question for researchers in the social sciences is which theories and research topics can better aid us in utilizing bibliographic data, or which past questions constrained by data availability can be addressed. This paper reviews current cases of using bibliographic data in empirical research published in top international journals, providing reference for researchers in the social sciences interested in utilizing bibliographic data analysis.