家長教養行為、教師品德教學行為、品德教育環境及幼兒利社會行為量表之研究

The Development of the Scales of Moral Parenting Behavior, Moral Teaching Behavior, Preschool Moral Education Environment, and Children's Prosocial Behavior

本研究旨在發展家長教養行為、教師品德教學行為、品德教育環境及幼兒利社會行為量表。並以項目分析、探索性因素分析與信度分析評估該量表之信效度及適配度。研究對象為臺南市幼兒園、教師、家長及幼兒，取樣60所幼兒園，240位幼兒園教師，以及1,200對家長和幼兒。本研究主要結果如下述：（一）幼兒利社會行為量表有「助人」、「合作」、「分享」與「照顧」四個構面共24題。（二）家長教養行為量表有「境教引導性」、「身教示範性」和「言教要求性」三個構面共20題。（三）教師品德教學行為量表有「課程與教學」和「師生互動」二個構面共16題。（四）品德教育環境量表有「行政支持」、「幼兒園品德環境規劃」和「幼兒園氣氛」三個構面共16題。本研究所發展出之四項量表，在探索性及驗證性因素分析皆具有良好的信、效度，希冀本研究發展之四項量表能多面向探討幼兒在家庭與學校之間的互動，對其利社會行為發展之影響。

The study aims to develop scales of parenting behavior, moral teaching behavior, preschool moral education environment, and children's prosocial behavior. The subjects were preschool teachers in Tainan from a small sampling of 60 preschools. In total, approximately 240 teachers, 1200 parents, and 1200 children participated. We conducted item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis to examine the reliability and validity. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The children's prosocial behavior scale comprises four dimensions: Helping, Cooperation, Sharing, and Caring, with a total of 24 items. (2) The parenting behavior scale comprises three dimensions: Guidance through Environment, Demonstration through Actions, and Instruction through Words, with a total of 20 items. (3) The moral teaching behavior scale comprises two dimensions: Curriculum and Teaching and Teacher-Student Interaction, with a total of 16 items. (4) The preschool moral education environment scale comprises three dimensions: Administrative Support, Moral Environment Planning in Kindergarten, and Atmosphere in Kindergarten, with a total of 16 items. The four scales had good reliability and validity in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. It is expected that the scales developed can provide various dimensions of children's prosocial behavior in the family and at school for future research. Based on the results above, suggestions were provided for future research.