臺灣頂尖運動教練的領導智慧及風格探究

Exploring the Wisdom and Leadership Style of Elite Coaches in Taiwan

緒論：探究競技運動教練透過領導所展現的智慧可以讓我們一窺其處事及提昇團隊的精髓。方法：本研究網羅曾獲臺灣體育運動精英獎的最佳教練獎與最佳運動團隊的教練，共計23位教練，以半結構式訪談來探究優秀教練在領導團隊的過程中所展現的領導智慧。研究委任二位分析者及七位評分者，依照包含思想的統整、行動實踐，以及正面影響等三要素的智慧歷程理論，來確認訪談所得之智慧，及其主要之領導風格。結果：教練在領導競技運動團隊的過程中展現領導智慧，包括：一、培養運動員良好的品行、行為習慣與學習態度；二、建立運動員與教練間良好的默契；三、增強運動員在運動表現上的信心；四、在比賽中做出正確的指導。教練智慧主要展現的情境大致包括運動員培育與比賽決策。結論：教練在智慧事件中所展現的領導風格主要為權變領導，其中包含部分家長式領導的作為。優秀教練多偏向採用才德與仁慈領導，而威權領導的作為只使用在_劉自己已經以身作則的情況下，要求運動員對團隊紀律與生活規範的遵守。

Exploring how elite coaches demonstrate their wisdom through leadership can provide valuable insights into handling human affairs and enhancing team performance. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 award-winning athletic coaches to explore the wisdom of leadership which they displayed through leading their teams Furthermore, this study involved the recruitment of two analysts and seven evaluators to validate the leadership wisdom demonstrated by the coaches. The study was based on aprocess view of wisdom that included cognitive integration, embodied actions, and positive effects for oneself and others. These coaches display their leadership wisdom in several ways. They cultivate athletes' positive character, behavioral habits, and learning attitudes. Additionally, they establish aharmonious interaction between athletes and coaches, fostering asupportive environment. Moreover, they boost athletes' confidence in their sports performance, aiding them in reaching their full potential. They also deliver accurate guidance during competitions and demonstrate leadership wisdom in athlete development and decision-making within the competitive arena. The main leadership style exhibited by these coaches is identified as contingency leadership, often incorporating elements of paternalistic leadership. These coaches prefer virtuous and benevolent leadership approaches, reserving authoritative actions for instances when they've established amodel and require athletes to adhere to team discipline and lifestyle norms.